OEA000000 LTE Principle Fundamental ISSUE 1.01

LTE System Overview
www.huawei.com
Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Objectives
Upon completion of this course, you will be able to:
Describe LTE development and features Outline LTE network architecture Explain LTE key technologies Describe LTE protocol and channel Describe LTE deployment
Page2
Contents
1. LTE System Overview 2. LTE Key Technologies 3. LTE Protocol and Channels 4. LTE Deployment
Page3
Contents
Page4
Contents
1. LTE System Overview
1.1 LTE Development 1.2 LTE Network Architecture 1.3 LTE Operating Bands and Channel Bandwidths
Page5
3G Long Term Evolution--LTE

~150 ms DL: ~141Mbps UL: ~50Mbps
LTE in R8
~100 ms DL: ~14.4Mbps UL: ~5.76Mbps DL: ~42Mbps UL: ~11Mbps
HSPA+ in R7/R8
HSPA in R5/R6
~70 ms DL: ~384Kbps UL: ~384Kbps ~45 ms DL: ~144-360Kbps UL: ~144-360Kbps
3G-WCDMA in R99/R4
~20ms
GPRS/EDGE
Year 2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012 or later
LTE is the next step in the evolution of 3GPP Radio Interfaces to deliver Global Mobile Broadband.
Page6
Drivers for LTE
There are at least three major key drivers for LTE mobile broadband networks:
Demand for higher data-rates
increasing device capabilities, growing mobile data consumption
New spectrum allocation
Maintaining operator profitability while continued cost reduction and

competitiveness.
Page7
Contents
Page8
LTE Network Architecture
E-UTRAN (Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network)
Page9
LTE/SAE Network Architecture - cont.

SAE
SGSN
Gb
EPS (Evolved Packet System)

Control plane User plane
GPRS
BTS
BSC/PCU
Iu S3 S6d S6a
HSS
PCRF
S9
S10
UMTS
NodeB
RNC
S1-MME
MME
S12 S11
S4 Gx S5/8
Operator Service Network
E-UTRAN
S1-U
SGi
Internet
eNodeB
A10/A11
Serving GW
S2a
PDN GW
cdma2000
BTS
BSC
PDSN
Corporate Internet
Page10
Contents
Page11
LTE Operating Bands

LTE supports both FDD mode and TDD mode. 3GPP defines many bands for LTE.
Page12
LTE Channel Bandwidths
LTE must support the international wireless market and regional spectrum regulations and spectrum availability. To this end the specifications include variable channel bandwidths selectable from 1.4 to 20 MHz, with subcarrier spacing of 15 kHz.
Channel bandwidth BWChannel [MHz] Transmission bandwidth configuration NRB 1.4 6 3 15 5 25 10 50 15 75 20 100
NRB is the number of resource blocks

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page13
Contents
Page14
LTE Key Technologies

OFDMA: Orthogonal frequency division multiple access SC-FDMA: Single carrier-frequency division multiple access
MIMO: Multiple input multiple output
64QAM
Page15
Multiple access technology in the downlink: OFDM and OFDMA
OFDMA is used as multiple access technology in downlink. OFDMA is a variant of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), a digital multi-carrier modulation scheme.
OFDM signal represented in frequency and time

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page16
Multiple access technology in the downlink: OFDM and OFDMA (cont.)
OFMDA incorporates elements of time division multiple access (TDMA).
Page17
Downlink OFDM Implementation
s(t)
S/P Transmitter
IFFT
Add Cyclic Prefix
P/S
Channel Receiver
r(t) n(t)
P/S
FFT
Remove Cyclic Prefix
S/P
Page18
Downlink OFDM Implementation (cont.)
Page19
Multiple access technology in the uplink: SC-FDMA
The high peak-to-average ratio (PAR) associated with OFDM led 3GPP to look for a different transmission scheme for the LTE uplink. SC-FDMA is used in uplink as multiple access technology.
Page20
Comparison of OFDMA and SC-FDMA
Page21
Overview of MIMO
MIMO: Multiple Input Multiple Output
Transmitter
Wireless Channel
Receiver
M
Channel Condition Feedback
Page22
What can MIMO provide?
Here is a example for 2*2 MIMO.

Data Stream 1
Transmitter
Wireless Channel
Receiver
Data Stream 2
Channel Condition Feedback
Page23
LTE Multiple Antenna Scheme
In downlink LTE can use 2*2 or higher order MIMO to increase date rate.
In uplink MU-MIMO (multi-user MIMO) can be used to double

uplink capacity.
With MU-MIMO the uplink peak data rate of single user can not be doubled.
Page24
AMC & 64QAM
AMC, Adaptive Modulation and Coding
the radio-link data rate is controlled by adjusting the modulation scheme and/or the channel coding rate
DL/UL modulations: QPSK, 16QAM, and 64QAM
Page25
Contents
Page26
Contents
3. LTE Protocol Stacks and Channels
3.1 LTE Protocol Stacks 3.2 LTE Channels 3.3 LTE Radio Frame
Page27
Functional Split between E-UTRAN and EPC

eNB Inter Cell RRM RB Control Connection Mobility Cont. MME Radio Admission Control NAS Security eNB Measurement Configuration & Provision Dynamic Resource Allocation (Scheduler) RRC PDCP S-GW RLC MAC S1 PHY Packet Filtering internet E-UTRAN EPC Mobility Anchoring UE IP address allocation P-GW Idle State Mobility Handling EPS Bearer Control
Page28
Radio Interface Protocol Architecture
Page30
Radio Interface Protocol Architecture (cont.)

UE NAS eNB MME NAS RRC PDCP RLC MAC PHY
UE PDCP RLC MAC PHY
eNB PDCP RLC MAC PHY
RRC PDCP RLC MAC PHY
User-plane protocol stack
Control-plane protocol stack
Page31
LTE Physical Channel
DL

Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH) Physical Control Format Indicator Channel (PCFICH) Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) Physical Hybrid ARQ Indicator Channel (PHICH) Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) Physical Multicast Channel (PMCH)
UL

Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH)
Page32
LTE Transport Channel
Physical layer transport channels offer information transfer to medium access control (MAC) and higher layers
DL
Broadcast Channel (BCH) Downlink Shared Channel (DL-SCH) Paging Channel (PCH)
Multicast Channel (MCH)
UL
Uplink Shared Channel (UL-SCH) Random Access Channel (RACH)
Page33
LTE Logical Channel

Logical channels are offered by the MAC layer Control Channels: Control-plane information

Broadcast Control Channel (BCCH) Paging Control Channel (PCCH) Dedicated Control Channel (DCCH) Multicast Control Channel (MCCH Dedicated Control Channel) Common Control Channel (CCCH)
Traffic Channels: User-plane information
Dedicated Traffic Channel (DTCH): transmission of all uplink and nonMBMS downlink user data Multicast Traffic Channel (MTCH): transmission of MBMS services
Page35
Channel Mappings
Page36
Frame Structure
FDD frame structure
TDD frame structure
Page37
Resource Grid
Page38
Bandwidth Configuration
Page39
Contents
Page40
LTE Network Composition

LTE SAE
Page41
LTE Network Transport

eNB IP MAC PHY
FE/GE RNC/BSC
100/1000Base-T, RJ45 100Base-FX/1000Base-X, SM or MM Fiber, SFPbased connector
FE/GE o/e
IP/Ethernet Network
FE/GE SAE GW /PDN GW
Legacy 2G/3G
eNB FE/GE
FE/GE
Co-transmission with legacy 2G/3G
eN B FE/GE
BTS/Node B
Co-transmission for Multi-mode base station
eNB eNB FE/GE
eNB FE/GE
FE/GE
eNB Daisy-chaining with integrated IP switching
Page42
eNodeB 3900 Series

eNB
Modularization
1
RRU/RFU
2
BBU
uniNodeB
3
Platform
GSM/TD-SCDMA/WCDMA/CDMA/LTE Unified All-IP Base Station Architecture Using BBU plus RRU and RFU leads to a flexible configuration for Distributed and Macro. Modularization Supports Different Modes
Page43
Modularization
Multimode
Smooth evolution to LTE

GSM / UMTS / HSPA(14.4M/5.76M) / HSPA+(28M/11.5M) LTE (100M/50M)
Same band
Different band
Software upgrade
RRU
Adding LTE RRU
GSM/HSPA(+)/LTE RRU
LTE RRU
BBU
Same band
LTE Card Different band
Software upgrade BBU Cabinet-based Node B Adding LTE RFU
GSM/HSPA(+)/LTE RFU BBU
LTE RFU
LTE Card
Investment protection while evolving from GSM/UMTS to LTE

Radio units for GSM/UMTS and LTE are inter-changeable in the same frequency band Baseband boards in multi-mode BBU are inter-changeable between GSM/UMTS and LTE
Page44
Flexible evolution for Cabinet NodeB

U UU +++ H HH
UMTS&LTE operator LTE for high speed mobile broadband

U UU L L L +++ TTT H HH E E E
Operator issue New business ALL IP service
UMTS/HSPA rollout
GSM&UMTS operator UMTS roll out will reduce GSM U U U G GG expansion + + + SSS investment at H H H MMM hot spot
UMTS/HSPA + LTE convergence

Reuse GSM frequency resource for LTE LTE for mobile broadband
LLLLLL TTTTTT EEEEEE
GGG GGG SSS S S S MMMMMM
UMTS/HSPA + GSM
G GG L L L SSS T TT MMM E E E
LTE
Operator issue New business ALL IP service
GSM update/rollout
GSM for Voice HSPA/LTE for Data network
GSM + LTE Data network convergence
Page45
Summary

Standardization in the form of 3GPP Release 8 Support for both FDD and TDD.
Flexible spectrum allocation (1.4 ~ 20 MHz).

IP-based flat network architecture Multicarrier-based radio air interface
OFDMA and SC-FDMA
Multi-input multi-output (MIMO) Adaptive modulation and coding

DL modulations: QPSK, 16QAM, and 64QAM
UL modulations: QPSK and 16QAM
ARQ within RLC sublayer and Hybrid ARQ within MAC sublayer
Page46
LTE Standard Specifications
Freely downloadable from
http://www.3gpp.org/ftp/Specs/archive/36_series/
Page47
Thank you
www.huawei.com

OEA000000 LTE Principle Fundamental ISSUE 1.01

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LTE System Overview

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Upon completion of this course, you will be able to:

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

3G Long Term Evolution--LTE

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Drivers for LTE

Demand for higher data-rates

increasing device capabilities, growing mobile data consumption

New spectrum allocation

Maintaining operator profitability while continued cost reduction and

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

LTE Network Architecture

E-UTRAN (Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network)

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

LTE/SAE Network Architecture - cont.

EPS (Evolved Packet System)

Operator Service Network

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

LTE Operating Bands

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

LTE Channel Bandwidths

NRB is the number of resource blocks

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

LTE Key Technologies

MIMO: Multiple input multiple output

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Multiple access technology in the downlink: OFDM and OFDMA

OFDM signal represented in frequency and time

Multiple access technology in the downlink: OFDM and OFDMA (cont.)

OFMDA incorporates elements of time division multiple access (TDMA).

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Downlink OFDM Implementation

Add Cyclic Prefix

Remove Cyclic Prefix

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Downlink OFDM Implementation (cont.)

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Multiple access technology in the uplink: SC-FDMA

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Comparison of OFDMA and SC-FDMA

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

MIMO: Multiple Input Multiple Output

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

What can MIMO provide?

Here is a example for 2*2 MIMO.

Channel Condition Feedback

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

LTE Multiple Antenna Scheme

In uplink MU-MIMO (multi-user MIMO) can be used to double

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

AMC & 64QAM

AMC, Adaptive Modulation and Coding

DL/UL modulations: QPSK, 16QAM, and 64QAM

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Functional Split between E-UTRAN and EPC