Professional Documents
Culture Documents
HIGH SALINITY Water stagnation 30-50 cm several weeks in aman River water saline Dec-Jul High soil salinity in dry season
MEDIUM SALINITY Water stagnation 30-50 cm several weeks in aman River water saline mid-Feb-Jun Medium soil salinity in dry season
LOW SALINITY Water stagnation 30-50 cm several weeks in aman River water fresh 10-11 months Mild soil salinity in dry season
South 24 Parganas
Polder 43/2/F
Objectives (5+1)
1. Rice variety evaluation aus (early rainy season) - low, medium aman (main rainy season) - low, medium & high salinity boro (dry season) - low, medium 2. Rice-based cropping system intensification Triple rice - low, medium Rice-rice-rabi - low, medium Rice+fish - brackish water aquaculture - high 3. Homestead production systems analysis & options literature review & surveys - low, medium, high evaluation of options for increasing productivity, incomes 4. Year-round brackish water aquaculture systems - high Evaluation of improved management options 5. Technology & policy recommendations 6. Pilot community water management CPWF Innovation Grant 6 ha compartment 3
Jahangir Alam
Updates
1. Kabir & Subashis Homestead production systems surveys 2. Saha Opportunities for improving year-round aquaculture & rice-aquaculture systems 3. Akhlas Opportunities for improving ricebased cropping systems 4. Manoranjan Pilot community water management project 5. Liz Key findings, future plans
Activity 3.2: Survey of homestead economy and farming system in coastal Bangladesh and India
Objectives:
To describe homestead farming system To understand current use of resources and productivity To identify research questions for improving homestead systems
South 24 Parganas
Polder 43/2/F
Bangladesh
Andy Nelson
Sample Number
Areas Polder-30 Polder-3-High land Polder-3-Low land # samples 380 229 301 # households
5,500
4,500 5,065 6,786 21,851
349 1,259
Data Collection
Number of Data Enumerators: 10 (8 fishery graduate, 2 social science graduate) Orientation and training: 2-4 January 2012 Field test, group work, review and feedback incorporation in polder 30 and Khulna: 5-12 January 2012 Data Collection starts at each polder: 13 January 2012 Data collection ends: 20 March 2012
700
600 # of households 500 400 300 200 100 0 Polder 30 Polder 3-H Polder 3 L Polder 43 ALL Polder Functionally landless < 0.2 ha Marginal 0.6 - 1.0 ha Large >3 ha Small 0.2-0.6 ha Medium 1.0-3.0 ha
Field Land Area (%) Average Field Land Area (ha) Homestead Land Area (%) Average Homestead Land Area (ha)
Shows the importance of homestead for the functionally landless group for the farm production and household consumption
Taka
Functionally Landless
Small
Marginal
Percentage of People Living Below National Poverty Line ( Income <1.25 $US/person/day)
100 90
80
70 % of people 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 National (2005) Surveyed Households marginal small Functionally landless
35
30 25
Area (Dec)
20 15 10 5 0
Dwelling House Yard Poultry Livestock shade Fruit vegetable garden/trees garden Pond Tree covered area
Benefit cost ratio for different homestead farm components based on 2011 Production (preliminary!) BCR (including household labor) Production System Aquaculture Vegetable Poultry Livestock Polder-30 1.79 0.44 0.27 0.72 Polder-3H 1.14 0.76 0.49 0.86 Polder-3L 1.10 1.78 0.27 1.03 Polder-43 0.84 0.51 0.17 0.43 All Polder 1.19 0.68 0.26 0.73
BCR (excluding household labor) Production System Polder-30 Aquacultur 3.1 e Vegetable 2.2 Poultry 0.9 Livestock 1.4 Polder-3H 2.1 3.5 2.0 2.0 Polder-3L 1.7 4.6 1.2 1.9 Polder-43 1.1 2.7 0.7 2.2 All Polder 1.8 3.1 1.0 1.8
Survey of homestead economy and farming system in coastal West Bengal of India
Total
Current status of survey Total no of households ((HH) to be surveyed Survey completed so far Survey completed in N 24 Parganas Survey completed in South 24 Parganas = 720 no = 218 no = 41 % = 25 %
80
70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 27 20 23 40 40
Dwelling house
Pond
Vegetable garden
Fruit tree
Poultry
Livestock
Tree
Yard
Session with Indian colleagues for final analysis and cross-country comparisons in Q1 2013
Thanks
Rice-aquaculture: Salinity fluctuates from high in dry season to low in rainy season
BANGLADESH
Year round aquaculture: Salinity fluctuates from high in dry season to medium in rainy season
Research Objective
Improved management for enhanced productivity, profitability & resilience in rice-aquaculture & year round aquaculture systems
Before
Construction
31
Aquaculture Treatments
3 aquaculture treatments (4 reps) in BOTH systems 1. Farmers Practice: Polyculture, shrimp+fish & farmer mgt
Management
Practice Liming Farmers Practice Improved 1 & 2 200 kg ha-1 200 kg ha-1
Water filtering Water depth Predatory Fish Fertilization Shrimp seed Feed Water replenishment Post stocking fertilization Fish seed
Unfiltered 20-30 cm Not eradicated No fertilizer Not PCR tested No feed When needed Very insufficient
Some wild
Filtered 50-100 cm Eradicated Fertilizer & dolomite PCR tested Feeding When needed When primary production is low All from hatcheries
Better aquaculture productivity with deeper water (70-100 cm) Better rice productivity with shallower water (<30 cm)
Rice-aquaculture system Therefore 2 water depth treatments (50 cm, 70 cm) in rice-aquaculture system
Partial harvest
Complete harvest
1200
1000 800 600 400 200 0
25-70% mortality of shrimp due to virus despite improved management potential 450 kg/ha Delay of 1 week in disease in our ghers vs outside
Farmer's
Monoculture
Polyculture
Farmers expected tilapia to die now very interested Polyculture provides buffer against loss of shrimp increased resilience At partial harvest, production of tilapia appears to be higher in deeper water (70cm)
September drainage congestion in whole region after heavy rain due to inadequate water conveyance system (drainage) October water shortage - plenty of freshwater in river but inadequate conveyance system (irrigation)
Shrimp
2000
Tilapia
1500
1000
Fish NA
Farmer's
Monoculture
Polyculture
Increasing productivity through improved varieties & cropping system intensification in low, medium & high salinity areas of the coastal zone
Deep water for prolonged periods is a major challenge for the rainy season (aman crop) THROUGHOUT the coastal zone
Submergence tolerance
2nd transplanting submerged for 1 week shortly after transplanting BRRI dhan52 survived well (sub1 gene)
Tolerance to water stagnation this crop (BRRI dhan54 experienced deep water (up to 44 cm) for several weeks (Polder 30), but Tuong even more tolerant although harvest is proving difficult
Salinity is a problem in some locations in some or all seasons Salinity tolerant varieties
Work of BRAC & others show many promising high yielding &/or high value rabi crop options instead of very low yielding crops (sesame, grasspea)
M
Fallow/ Aus (Mala)
D
15 Nov
15 Jul
15 Apr
Aus (BR55-4t/ha)
15 Jul
15 Nov
15 Apr
Aus (BR55)
15 Jul
15 Nov
All lands are fallow except varietal and cropping system trials in Bazarkhali, Amtali during boro 2011-12 (Polder 43/F/2)
Fallow area
Varietal trial
10 9 8 7
Shorter duration varieties for triple cropping with farmer preferred grain type
Yield (t/ha)
6 5 4
3
P-43
2 1 0
BRRI dhan28 BRRI dhan29 BRRI dhan47 BRRI dhan50 BRRI dhan53 BRRI dhan55 BRRI dhan45 Alloran BRRI Hybrid BRRI Hybrid dhan2 dhan3
Variety
M
Fallow
15 Jul
15 Feb
15 Nov
15 Nov
15 Apr
15 Jul
15 Nov
A
Existing
M
Fallow
15 Jul
Shrimp 15 Nov
15 Apr
Fallow
15 Jul
1st and 2nd set-submerged for 5 days and crop condition after drain out of water
PVS Activities
2012 boro variety trials in India (12 in farmers fields) need shorter duration salt tolerant varieties
58
Multiplication of Bangladeshi rice varieties at CSSRI, India in 2012 for Boro 2013
60
Rationale
The GoB has constructed 135 polders 50-60 years back to prevent tidal surge and saline water intrusion to facilitate aman rice cultivation during July-January that generally do not need appreciable drainage and fertilizer application for optimum yield (2-3 t/ha). Most lands remain fallow in DS due to salinity and lack of knowledge on crop and water management. With improved water management food production can be significantly increased by adopting HYV rice in aman season and a second crop in the dry season.
T. Aman (140-160 d)
Rabi (130-140 d)
Deep flooding at the beginning of rainy season constrains the establishment of aman rice and adoption of modern HYV rice
Prolonged water logging at the end of rainy season delay establishment of rabi crop
Embankment
Land Surface
Low Tide 2-3 m
Sluice gate
Land
River Bed
Study Site
Pol-30
Pol-3
Pol43/2F
Polder 3 :High Salinity Polder 30 : Moderate Salinity Polder 43/2F : Low Salinity
River
Outside sampling area Drainage canal Outside sampling area
Drainage outlet
Rural road
Baseline Information
Surveyed 37 farmers within the watershed and 15 farmers outside
60 Watersheed 50 40 Farmer (%) 30 20 Farmer (%) 10 0 None Primary (I-V) Secondary (VI-X) Education level Higher Secondary (XI-XII) Above 20 0 Drainable Not easily drainable Drainage pattern Outside 0 <40 40-60 Age group >60 80 Watershed Outside 60 Farmer (%)
40
20
100 80 60 40
Watersheed Outside
100
Farmers grown (%) 80 60 40 20 0
Watersheed Outside
Baseline Information
HYV Rice variety 80000 Watershed Cost and Return (Tk/ha) 60000 Outside
Traditional
40000
20000
Mungbean
Mungbean
Mungbean
Outcome
8-14 August 2012: About 264 mm rainfall occurred that completely inundated the G2 and PhD research fields on 12 August, drained out on 16 Aug by opening sluice gate during LT and closing it during HT in collaboration with the WMG. 3-5 September 2012: Rice crop was submerged again by 246 mm rainfall, completely flooded almost the entire polder 30 area. Prior to rainfall, all the sluice gates were open to take river water in for irrigation that aggravated flooding. Water depth in the innovation research area varied from 25 to 30 cm. The WMA and WMGs have taken initiatives to make the rice field flood free, successfully done that within a week.
TD Drainage 15 July
Aman (140 d)
15 Nov-15 Dec
Rabi (120-140 d)
Thank You
Key findings
Very high poverty levels in coastal zone Tremendous potential for increasing agricultural & agricultural productivity through improved seed & management Improved community water management & synchronisation of agricultural & aquacultural activities needed to realise this potential
80
Future plans
Continue On-farm rice variety evaluation & cropping system intensification demonstrations Rice seed distribution to farmers follow up on what happens Cropping system intensification experiments 3 PhD students Year round aquaculture & rice-aquaculture experiments Pilot community water management activity Complete Homestead production system (HPS) surveys, data analysis & reports Design of HPS research questions & activities
81