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OSI Layers

Presented By bhuvanesh kumar

OSI Model

OSI means Open System Interconnect model.


Developed by the International Organization for Standardization in 1974. It consists of seven layers. Each layer has a different but specific processing function.

OSI Model Layers

Layer - 7 Layer - 6

Application Presentation Session Upper Layer or Software Layer Heart of OSI

Layer - 5
Layer - 4 Layer - 3 Layer - 2 Layer - 1

Transport
Network Data Link

Physical

Lower Layer or Hardware Layer

Data flow from Transport Layer

Application Presentation Session Transport

Data Data Data TH Segment Data

Network
Data Link Physical

Network Layer
Application Presentation Session Transport Network Network Data Link Physical Network Layer is responsible for providing best path for data to reach the destination. Logical Addressing works on this layer. Router is a Network Layer device. It is divided into two parts Routed Protocols e.g. IP, IPX, Apple Talk. Routing Protocols e.g. RIP, IGRP, OSPF, EIGRP

Routed Protocols

Segment

Hello! How are you ?

Source IP 192.168.1.1 Destination IP Segment 192.168.1.2

Hello! How are you ?

192.168.1.1

192.168.1.2

Routing Protocols

www.zoomgroup.com

Data flow from Network Layer

Application Presentation Session

Data Data Data Segment Packet NH Segment

e.g. Router

Transport

Network
Data Link Physical

Datalink Layer
Application Presentation Session Transport Network Data Link Data Link Physical MAC Media Access Control It talks about Physical Address. It is a 48 bit address i.e. 12 digit Hexadecimal Number. It is also responsible for Error Detection Devices working on Data Link Layer are Switch, Bridge, NIC. Datalink Layer is divided into two Sub Layers : LLC Logical Link Control It talks about Wan protocols e.g. PPP, HDLC, Frame-relay

Error Detection CRC Check

Hello! How are you ?

PC-A CRC No. 33333 PC-B Source MAC 00-20-18-C0-07-71 CRC No. 11114 Error Detected 33333 11114 46323 99434 43434 99323 55434 89696 22222 32434 00000 Destination MAC Packet Error Detected 00-20-18-C0-07-72
Packet

For Error Correction Contact Source Transport layer

192.168.1.1 00-20-18-C0-07-71

192.168.1.2 00-20-18-C0-07-72

Error Detection CRC Check

Packet

Source MAC 00-20-18-C0-07-71 Destination MAC Packet 00-20-18-C0-07-72

Hello! How are you ?

20202 11114 46323 99434 43434 99323 55434 89696 22222 32434 00000

192.168.1.1 00-20-18-C0-07-71

192.168.1.2 00-20-18-C0-07-72

Data flow from Data Link Layer

Application Presentation Session Transport e.g. Switch

Data Data Data Segment Packet


Packet DH Frame DT

Network
Data Link Physical

Physical Layer
Application Presentation Session Transport Network Data Link Physical Physical Devices working at Physical Layer are Hubs, Repeaters, Cables, Modems etc. Physical Layer is responsible for electrical, mechanical and procedural checks. Data will be converted into Binary (i.e) 0s & 1s. Data will be in the form of electrical pulses if it is Coaxial or Twisted Pair cable and in the form of Light if it is Fiber Optic Cable.

Physical Layer Example

Frame

Hello! How are you ?


1010101010101010
Frame

0101011010101010101010101 1010101101010101010101010 0101011010101010101010101

Data flow from Physical Layer

Application Presentation Session Transport

Data Data Data Segment Packet Frame Bits

Network e.g. Hub


Data Link Physical

Data Encapsulation & De-capsulation A


Application
Data Data

B
Application

Presentation
Session Transport Network Data Link Physical

Data

Data

Presentation
Session TH Transport Network NH

Data

Data Segment Data TH Packet NH Segment Packet Packet DTFrameDH Bits

TH Data Segment
Packet NH Segment Packet DHFrameDT Bits

DH DT Data Link
Physical

Comparing OSI with TCP/IP Layers


OSI Layers
Application Presentation

TCP/IP Layers

Application

Session
Transport Network Transport Internet Network Access

Data Link
Physical

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