Fiqh (Jurisprudence)

Noor-ul-Idha wa Najatul Arwaah

(The light of clarification and the Salvation of Souls)


The Book of Purification

Vocabulary
plural is - Water - Pure - Purifying - Disliked - Filthy - Doubtful - Used water
- 128 dirham's = 384.240grams - 500 ratl. (216 litres)


That which is permissible for purification


The types of water permissible for purification are seven: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. - Rain water - Ocean water - River water - Water from wells - Water from melted snow - Water from melted hail - Spring water


Types of Water


Water is divided into five types:

1.
The first type is water that is pure in itself, and is purifying for other things. There is no dislike using this type of water. The second type of water is pure in itself, and is purifying for other things, although it is disliked to use.

2.

3.
The third type is water that is pure in itself, though is not purifying for other things.

4.
The fourth type is filthy (Naajis) water.

5.
The fifth type of water is that which is doubtful.


The first type is water that is pure in itself, and is purifying for other things. There is no dislike using this type of water.

which is plain water


The second type of water is pure in itself, and is purifying for other things, although it is disliked to use

because it is small quantity of water that a cat or a similar animal has drunk from.


The third type is water that is pure in itself, though is not purifying for other things.

This is water that one has used to remove his minor impurity or water used to make Wudhu upon with the intention of attaining the pleasure of Allah.


When does water become used?


Water becomes used (mustamal) right after it separates from the body.


That which is not permitted for Wudhu


One is not permitted to make Wudhu with tree water or fruit water, even if the water flows out by itself without being squeezed, and this is the most evident view.

Likewise, it is not permitted to use water that has lost its essence (or nature) through cooking, or through the water being overwhelmed (or dominated) by another substance.


That which overwhelms the water


When mixed with a solid substance, the water is overwhelmed when it loses its thin and easy flowing nature.

If however, the water retains its flowing nature even after mixing with a solid, such saffron, fruit or tree leaves, it remains permissible to use even if the water loses all its qualities.


There are some liquids that have two characteristics, when one of these two appears in the water, it is regarded as overwhelmed.

Such as milk, which has colour and taste but no smell.


Additionally, there are liquids that consist of three characteristics such as vinegar, which has smell, taste and colour. When two of these three appear then the water is deemed overwhelmed.


In the case of water mixing with a liquid substance which has no characteristics to it,

Such as ma-i mustamal (used water) or rose water that has lost its smell, then it is assessed by weight.


That is, if two ratls (form of weight) of used water mixes with one ratl of plain water (mutlaq),

then Wudhu is not permitted. If the opposite occurs, it is permissible.

Summary of solids & liquids mixing with water

Solid
assessed by qualities of thinness and flowing nature.

Liquids With 2 or 3 Characteristics

assessed by taste, colour and smell.

Liquids Without Characteristics

assessed by weight.


The fourth type is filthy (Naajis) water.

This is a small quantity of still water which an impurity has fallen.

A small quantity of water is considered as less than ten by ten arm lengths. The water is deemed impure even if no traces of the filth appears therein.


If however, an impurity falls in running water and the signs of filth appear in it, then it is deemed impure.

The signs (or traces) of filth are taste, colour or smell.


The fifth type of water is that which is doubtful

with respect to its purifying other things. That is water which a donkey or a mule has drunk from.