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WHAT IS 3G?
3G is the third generation of mobile phone standards and technology, superseding 2G, and preceding 4G. It is based on the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) family of standards under the International Mobile Telecommunications programme, IMT-2000.

3G technologies enable network operators to offer users a wider range of more advanced services while achieving greater network capacity through improved spectral efficiency. Services include wide-area wireless voice telephony, video calls, and broadband wireless data, all in a mobile environment. Additional features also include HSPA data transmission capabilities able to deliver speeds up to 14.4Mbit/s on the downlink and 5.8Mbit/s on the uplink.

3G networks are wide area cellular telephone networks which evolved to incorporate high-speed internet access and video telephony.

EVOLUTION TO 3G
1G The 1G period began in the late 1970s and lasted through the 1980s. These systems featured the first true mobile phone systems, known at first as "cellular mobile radio telephone." These networks used analog voice signaling, and were little more sophisticated than the repeater networks used by amateur radio operators.

2G the evolution to 3G.

The 2G phase began in the 1990s and much of this technology is still in use. The 2G cell phone features digital voice encoding.
Examples include CDMA and GSM. Since its inception, 2G technology has steadily improved, with increased bandwidth, packet routing, and the introduction of multimedia. 2G networks were built mainly for voice data and slow transmission. Due to rapid changes in user expectation, they do not meet today's wireless needs. Cellular mobile telecommunications networks are being upgraded to use 3G technologies from 1999 to 2010. Japan was the first country to introduce 3G nationally, and in Japan the transition to 3G was largely completed in 2006. Korea then adopted 3G Networks soon after and the transition was made as early as 2004.

2G to 2.5G (GPRS)
Examples camera phones, high-speed circuit-switched data (HSCSD) and General packet radio service (GPRS) that provide some functionality domains like 3G networks, without the full transition to 3G network. They were built to introduce the possibilities of wireless application technology to the end consumers, and so increase demand for 3G services.

How 3G works?

The Speed

source: SK Telecom

3G is not just about applications that require high speed data rates. Its about convenience and speed of access.

TECHNOLOGY
1G 2G
AMPS Advanced Mobile Phone Service

FEATURES
-Analog voice service - No data service

CDMA TDMA GSM PDC

Code Division Multiple Access Time Division Multiple Access Global System for Mobile Communications Personal digital cellular

- Digital voice service - 9.6K to 14.4K bit/sec. - CDMA, TDMA and PDC offer one-way data transmissions only - Enhanced calling features like caller ID - No always-on data connection

What did 3G promise?

3G includes capabilities and features such as:
Enhanced multimedia (voice, data, video, and remote control).

Usability on all popular modes (cellular telephone, e-mail,

paging, fax, videoconferencing, and Web browsing).

Broad bandwidth and high speed (upwards of 2 Mbps). Roaming capability throughout Europe, Japan, and North

America.

3G technologies enable network operators to offer users a wider range of more advanced services while achieving greater network capacity and efficiency.

UMTS terminals
Technical complexities of a 3G phone depends on its need

to roam onto 2G networks In Japan and South Korea, there was no need to include roaming capabilities to older networks such as GSM, so 3G phones were small and lightweight. Europe and America, manufacturers and network operators wanted multi-mode 3G phones which would operate on 3G and 2G networks which added to the complexity, size, weight, and cost of the handset. However, the general trend to smaller and smaller phones seems to have paused with the capability of large-screen phones to provide more video, gaming and internet use on the 3G networks.

Speed
International Telecommunication Union (ITU) does not

actually clearly specify minimum or average speeds or what modes of the interfaces qualify as 3G, so various speeds are sold as 3G intended to meet customers expectations of broadband speed.
industry sources said that 3G can be expected to provide

384 kbit/s at or below pedestrian speeds, but only 128 kbit/s in a moving car.

Network Standardization
The International Telecommunication Union (ITU)

defined the demands for 3G mobile networks with the IMT-2000(International Mobile Telecommunications) standard. (3GPP) has continued that work by defining a mobile system that fulfills the IMT-2000 standard Telecommunications System (UMTS).

An organization called 3rd Generation Partnership Project

This system is called Universal Mobile

Unlike GSM, UMTS is based on layered services

Key Characteristics of IMT-2000

Flexibility

With the large number of consolidations in the mobile industry, and the move into foreign markets operators wanted to avoid having to support a wide range of different interfaces and technologies that will hindered the growth of 3G worldwide. IMT-2000 standard providing a highly flexible system, capable of supporting a wide range of services and applications. Affordability There was agreement among industry that 3G systems had to be affordable, in order to encourage their adoption by consumers and operators. Compatibility with existing systems IMT-2000 services have to be compatible with existing systems. Modular Design IMT-2000 systems is that they must be easily expandable in order to allow for growth in users, coverage areas, and new services, with minimum initial investment.

3G evolution (pre-4G)
3G evolution uses partly beyond 3G technologies to enhance the performance and to make a smooth migration path. There are several different paths from 2G to 3G. In Europe the main path starts from GSM when GPRS is added to a system. From this point it is possible to go to the UMTS system. In North America the system evolution will start from Time division multiple access (TDMA), change to Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE) and then to UMTS. In Japan, two 3G standards are used: W-CDMA used by NTT DoCoMo (FOMA, compatible with UMTS) and SoftBank Mobile (UMTS), and CDMA2000, used by KDDI. Transition to 3G was completed in Japan in 2006.

ADVANTAGES
Make telecommunications much easier and more appealing to a lot of its consumers.

Can help in mobile office services.

Allows to have video conversations with other people who also use the same 3G technology.

3G can help to simplify everyday tasks.

Improves the way people will be able to communicate with each other.
Giving the enough flexibility to function at the best in the workplace.

Offering simultaneous voice and data services. (you can talk and use the Internet at the same time)

DISADVANTAGES
More expensive as compared to those which do not share the same technology. People who have 3G can only enjoy the video conferencing feature of the technology with other 3G subscribers

CONCLUSION:

Why 3G?
3G provides accelerated data speeds and simultaneous voice and data capabilities for an amazing wireless voice and data experience.

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