Bearing in Electric motors

Type of Bearings

1) Deep groove ball bearings 2) Angular contact ball bearings. 3) Self-aligning ball bearings 4) Cylindrical roller bearings 5) Tapper roller bearings 6) Spherical roller bearings 7) CARB toroidal roller bearings 8) Thrust ball bearings 9) Cylindrical roller thrust bearings 10) Spherical roller bearings

Parts of bearings

1) Outer ring. 2) Inner ring. 3) Rolling element ----- Ball, Rollers. (cylindrical,needle,tapered) 4) Cage. 5) seal- If sealed.

Function of bearings

Reduce friction. Carry loads. Support shaft. Locate shaft viz a viz housing. To keep the air gap small & consistent. To transfer loads from the shaft to the motor frame.

Bearing material

Through hardening steels

Carbon chromium stall Contains approx. 1% - carbon 1.5% - chromium Cage hardening steels Chromium- nickel alloy. Steel & manganese Chromium alloyed steel 0.15% Carbon

Cages

Rolling bearings are available with variety of cages and cage materials Cage material : polymide cage : Nylon 25% Ultramide : Glass fibres 25% Window type sheet steel cage : Sensitive poor lubrication. Window type solid brass cage

FAILURE OF BEARING

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

Corrosion Electrical Failure Fracture Vibration Misalignment Foreign Particles Faulty Mounting Overloading

HOW BEARING FAILS :

Failure can be----- Poor fitting Inadequate lubrication Contamination

Trouble free operation :

Five elements :

Cleanliness Correctly designated high quality bearing Damage free installation Correct lubrication Efficient sealing

Why rolling bearings:

To support & accurately locate a load Allowing the load to move with the minimum of friction

Ball Bearing:
1.

Single row deep groove ball bearings

Its ability to carry both axial and radial loads. Very low friction and low noise. Low maintenance required. It is suitable for high speed and light loads.

Ball bearing : Self-aligning ball bearings

Double row of balls. Outer ring raceway is spherical allows the rings to be dynamically misaligned making it suitable for use in applications where the misalignment of bearings on a common shaft can occur. Carry radial and axial loads. Not suitable for heavy or arduous operation.

The number of balls and the contact area each ball makes with the raceways restrict the capacity or load rating of the bearing.

Integral seals

The selection of seal is vital importance to the proper performance of bearing. SKF supplies bearings with integral
= Shields = Low friction seals = Contact seals All bearings with integral seals on both sides are filled with a grease of appropriate quality & quantity.

Selection of Bearing type

Available space Speed Minimum loads Misalignment Precision Quiet running Stiffness Axial displacement Mounting & dismounting Integral seals

Selection of bearing size:

Parameters to be considers for design

Lubrication:

Function:

Reduce Wear & friction Protects highly finished surfaces of rolling elements & rings from corrosion.

Lubricant Grease:

Grease : Medium of oil, oil comes out. A grease is 90% oil held in a thickener(10%). Grease =Base oil+Thickener+ Additives (70-95%) ( 5-30%)

Type of Grease :

Calsium Sodium Lithium Synthetic Complex

Grease Lubrication :

Grease advantage := over oil that it is more easily retained in the bearing arrangement & contributes to sealing the arrangement against contaminants,moisture or water. Excessive amount of grease will cause the operating temperature within the bearing to rise rapidly.

Friction

Friction means Resistance to motion of things that touch other things. Friction i) Sliding friction ii) Rolling friction: Rolling bearings normally generates less friction as compared to plain bearings.

Lubricating grease:

Consist of a mineral or synthetic oil combined with a thickner. The thickners are usually metallic soaps Polyurea thickner can be used for superior performance in certain areas ie. High temperature applications.

Selection of grease :
Most important factors Consistency Operating temperature range Viscosity of base oil Rust inhibiting properties Load carrying ability

Grease temperature chart :

Thickner type Lithium Lithium Lithium Lithium Temp.0c- @ Min Max base----- Mineral----- 30 ---- 115 base----- Diester----- 30 ---- 115 complex- Mineral----- 50----- 140 complexPAO ----- 50------150 Base oil

Bearing life:

The rated life is defined as the number of revolutions (or number of operating hours at a given constants speed) the bearing could endure.

Service life of a bearing

Depends on------ Large extent

Relubrication intervals :

Amount of grease Gp= 0.005 D B Where Gp = Grease Quantity in Grams.

D = Bearing outside diameter in mm B = Bearing width in mm.

Grease life :

Life of grease depends on several factors------------Type of bearing. Type of grease. Orientation & speed of the motor. Operating temp. of the bearing.

1.

2.
3. 4.

Rolling bearings in electric machines-Purpose of using rolling bearing-------------

To support & locate the rotor To keep air gap small & consistent To transfer loads from shaft to the motor frame

Rolling bearings in electric machines-----------

The bearing should enable high & low speed operation, minimize friction & save power. The designer has to consider many different parameters when selecting the bearing type & arrangement to meet the requirements of any particular motor application.

Rolling bearings in electric machines ------------

Under all circumstances the design should be economical from both a manufacturing & a maintenance perspective.

Rolling bearings in electric machines ----------1.

Design requirements== Design parameters:1) Power output 2) Boundary dimensions 3) Shaft & housing material

Deep groove ball bearing

Self aligning ball bearing

Angular contact ball bearing :

Y bearing unit

Cylindrical roller bearing :

Tapered roller bearing :

Spherical roller bearing :

CARB bearing :

Minimum loads :

Cylindrical seating :

Tapered seating :

Adapter sleeve :

Withdrawal sleeve

Bearings :

Small bearings: bore diameter < 80mm Medium bearings: bore diameter 80 - 200 mm Large bearings: bore diameter > 200 mm

Tools :

Jaw puller

Basic designation :

In metric system=
Ist Digit----- Type of Bearing IInd Digit----Small or larger size Last two Digits--- bore dia.* 5 mm i.e.-In brg. 6312- 12*5= 60 mm 6220- 20*5=100 mm

Basic designation :

Inch system = Brg. - LM 501349 5 = Contact angle 013 = Bore diameter 49 = Inner ring/ outer ring Cup/cone EC = Higher capacity P = Polymide cage

Principal of induction Heater :

Hot mounting :

Inadequate lubrication :

Grease lubrication : Surface distress Or Abrasive wear Finally reduces bearing life

Inadequate lubrication :

Film lubrication : If thin due to inadequate viscocity or contamination *** causes metal to metal contact