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Passive Sensing
Radio Regulation No. 1.183 (definition) Passive Sensor: A measuring instrument in the earth explorationsatellite service or in the space research service by means of which information is obtained by reception of radio waves of emissions from the ground, air, Radio waves of natural origin arenatural origin.
and water. All objects emit radio waves and the emissions convey information about those objects.
Microwave observations at frequencies below 100 GHz enable studies of the Earths surface and its atmosphere from spaceborne instruments even in the presence of clouds, because clouds are almost transparent at these frequencies. This "all-weather" observing capability has been very important for EESS in achieving the repetitive global coverage mandatory for meteorological, climatological, and environmental monitoring and surveying.
The impressive progress made in recent years in weather analysis, warning and forecasts, especially for dangerous weather phenomena that affect all populations and economies is largely attributable to the spaceborne observations and their assimilation in numerical models.
Play a major role in the prediction and detection of disasters.
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LIQUID CLOUDS
WATER VAPOUR
Tb Pi
Frequency (GHz)
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Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for EOS 12-Channels, 6 frequencies 6.9-89.0 GHz dual-polarization 5.4-56 km footprint at nadir All weather
AMSR-E Products
Precipitation Rate Cloud Water Surface wind speed over oceans Sea Surface Temperature Ice, Snow and Soil Moisture
AIRS and AMSU data combined to create vertical soundings of temperature and humidity Air and/or water vapor at various heights (pressures) contribute to the total radiation measurement viewed from space. The contribution peaks at different pressures for different wavelengths
Disaster Management
EARTH SYSTEM MODELS Earthquake: MMI, Quakesim Hurricane: HURRSIM Flood: SLOSH, WAVEwatch, STWAVE, HURSURGE Land: GPS Network, SBEACH Earthquake prediction Floods Hurricane & Typhoons DECISION SUPPORT TOOLS HAZUS-MH (Hazards U.S. Multi Hazard) Disaster Recovery/ Mitigation
Data EARTH OBSERVATORIES Land: Landsat, SRTM, GPS, SCIGN, Terra, Aqua Ocean: QuickSCAT, Seawinds, IceSAT, GOES, POES, SSMI, JASON, TOPEX/POSEIDON Atmosphere: TRMM, GOES, POES, GPM, NPP, NPOESS
*Future Mission
Accurate risk prediction to communities Loss estimates of buildings, essential facilities, transportation & utility lifelines, and population Social impacts
Weather Prediction: a key input to numerical weather prediction models used globally for weather forecasting. (Microwave(passive)) Global Warming: concentrations and distributions of atmospheric gases, sea and land ice thickness and change, and ozone measurements are key components to studying and prediction of global warming. (Microwave(passive), Infrared) Severe Weather Events: the prediction of severe weather events requires accurate measurements of rain rates in storms over the oceans which is only possible with remote sensing satellites. (Microwave(passive)) Forest Fires: detection of fires through smoke by their microwave radiation. (Infrared)
Management of Natural Resources: measurements of biomass, deforestation, and water resources through systematic environmental monitoring. (Microwave (passive), Infrared, Optical) Volcanoes: used to detect volcanic activity even before eruptions and to track and predict the volcanic fallout effects. (Optical, Microwave (active), Infrared, SubM) Shipping: used to track sea ice, ice floes, and ocean storms to steer ships out of harms way. (Optical, MW(active)) Long Range Climate Forecasts: study of global atmospheric and oceanic events such as El Nio requires sea surface temperature, ocean winds, ocean wave height, and many other components used in the prediction of long range weather forecasting and climatic trends. (Microwave (active/passive))
Version 1 of the Report is complete and available upon request from the presenter.
THANK YOU!
Thomas vonDeak NASA HQ Spectrum Management Office
(VIEWS EXPRESSED ARE THOSE OF THE PRESENTER AND DO NOT NECESSARILY REFLECT THOSE OF NASA.)
AQUA
CORIOLIS
DMSP
JASON
MEGHATROPIQUE
METEOR-M-1
METOP
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Societal Benefit One: Reducing loss of life and property from disasters.. Prediction
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Societal Benefit One: Reducing loss of life and property from disasters.. Prediction
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Societal Benefit One: Reducing loss of life and property from disasters.. Prediction, Disaster Event Assessment, Monitoring
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