Professional Documents
Culture Documents
OBJECTIVES
At the end of the lecture the students should be able
to:
Define the terms health and wellness Discuss the concept of the biopsychosocial model Discuss the concept of optimal health Discuss the concept of health determinants and the
OUTLINE OF PRESENTATION
Definition of Health
The Biopsychosocial model Concept of Optimal Health
Definition of Wellness
Elements of Wellness Health Determinants Set the platform for Health Promotion
HEALTH
WHO definition of Health Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.
Preamble to the Constitution of the World Health Organization as adopted by the International Health Conference, New York, 19-22 June, 1946; signed on 22 July 1946 by the representatives of 61 States (Official Records of the World Health Organization, no. 2, p. 100) and entered into force on 7 April 1948.
HEALTH
The biopsychosocial model is a general model or
approach that posits that biological, psychological (which entails thoughts, emotions, and behaviours), and social factors, all play a significant role in human functioning in the context of disease or illness
The model was theorized by psychiatrist George L. Engel at the University of Rochester in 1977
HEALTH
Physical Health
Mental Health Social Health Spiritual Health
Goodstadl, Simpson and Loranger 1987
Dimensions of a person
Source Crossroads, 1999
Mental (Cognitive)
Physical
Emotional
Spiritual
Copyright: Faculty of Medical Sciences, UWI, Mona
Social
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PHYSICAL HEALTH
The absence of disease and disability; functioning
adequately from the perspective of physical and physiological abilities; the biological integrity of the individual
MENTAL HEALTH
Also called psychological health, may include
emotional health; may make explicit reference to intellectual capabilities; the subjective sense of wellbeing
SOCIAL HEALTH
The ability to interact effectively with other people and
SPIRITUAL HEALTH
Also called personal health; associated with the
concept of self-actualization; sometimes reflects a concern for issues related to ones value system; alternatively ,may be concerned with a belief in a transcending, unifying force.
OPTIMAL HEALTH
Health is a state of complete physical, mental and
social well-being
Is anyone fully healthy?
OPTIMAL HEALTH
An individuals personal best health status.
Optimal health can be defined as "being your best with
keep in balance in order to achieve optimal health: physical, emotional, social, intellectual and spiritual.
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Health on a continuum is [a persons] degree of wellness at any point in time, ranging from: an optimal wellness condition, with available energy at its maximum to: death, which represents total energy depletion (Neuman, 1990).
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Wellness Continuum
Figure 1.1
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WELLNESS
A dimension of health beyond the absence of
disease or infirmity, including social, emotional and spiritual aspects of health. Ministry of Health of New Zealand
www.moh.govt.nz/moh.nsf/0/15f5c5045e7a1dd4cc256b6b0002b038
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WELLNESS
Wellness is an active process of becoming aware
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DENTAL WELLNESS
The whole body can be affected by the well being of
DENTAL WELLNESS
Any problem in the mouth such as missing teeth,
dental caries , gum disease can affect the overall well being of the person, affect functioning and even predispose to some diseases.
HEALTH DETERMINANTS
Any factor in an individual or the environment that
HEALTH DETERMINANTS
Host Factors
Environmental Factors (including disease agents) Lifestyle Factors Health Services Factors
HEALTH DETERMINANTS
Non-modifiable Factors Genetic makeup Gender Age Ethnicity Modifiable Factors Diet Exercise habits Alcohol Consumption Smoking
HOST FACTORS
Physical and mental attributes developed within the
human body as a consequence of the basic biology of humans and the organic make up of an individual
Lalonde 1974
HOST FACTORS
Genetic and Prenatal factors
Age Gender
Ethnic origin
Immunological state Physiological state Mental state Concept of, and attitudes towards health
ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS
Factors external to the human body including
physical, biological and chemical factors, as well as social factors such as political, economic and cultural influences.
ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS
Physical Water and sanitation concerns Geographic, climatic conditions Radiation Ergonomics Biological Microbial agents parasites, bacteria, viruses Toxins Insect and animal vectors
ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS
Chemical Pollutants air, water Social Family size and composition Occupation Educational level Cultural/religious beliefs and myths Political climate Economics-macro and micro Crime and violence
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LIFESTYLE FACTORS
Choices made at an individual level which have an
impact on health
encourage choices that will promote the maintenance of Health ,the prevention of illness and the best possible outcome when illness does occur.
Health Promotion
is the process of enabling people to
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well-being Help people to develop personal health skills Create supportive environments Build alliances across all sectors, especially with the media
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