Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Musculoskeletal System
Musculoskeletal System
Musculoskeletal System
(arthr/o) + (-scopy) = (cost/o = rib) + (chondr/o = cartilage) + (-itis) = (ligament/o = ligament) + (-ous = pertaining to) = (myel/o) + (-dys = abnormal) + (plas- = growth) + (-ia) =
Musculoskeletal System
(oste/o)+ (myel/o)+ (-itis) = (inter- ) + (vertebral) = (ten/o = tendon) + (-rrhapy = suture/fixation) = (tendin/o = tendon) + (-itis) =
Musculoskeletal Pathology
Osteoarthritis:
(DJD) = Degenerative joint disease the cartilage loses elasticity and may split pieces of cartilage may break off and float around in the synovial fluid the cartilage may break down, leaving the bone exposed and unprotected the bone loses shape and thickens at the rims of the joint, producing bony spurs called osteophytes
Musculoskeletal Pathology
Rheumatoid arthritis:
Autoimmune disorder Inflammation of synovial membrane Cartilage erosions Bone loss
Diagnostics:
ESR : elevated sedimentation rate RF: rheumatoid factor
Musculoskeletal Pathology
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome:
Compression of medial nerve by inflamed ligaments Repetitive motion injury
Osteoporosis:
Loss of density of bone mass Replacement of normal bone with porotic weakened bone
Gouty arthritis:
Crystal arthropathy Deposits of uric acid crystals in the synovial fluid
Musculoskeletal Pathology
Herniated Nucleus Pulposis (HNP)
slipped disc Herniation of intervertebral disc May compress nerve root causing neuralgia and paralysis
Musculoskeletal Pathology
Fractures:
Closed: fractures of bone without puncture of skin
Open: (compound) fracture of bone with open wound to outside of body
Musculoskeletal Pathology
Fractures: Compound Greenstick
Musculoskeletal
Diagnostic Procedures
Electromyogram (EMG):
Record of muscle strength
Bone Scan:
Infusion of radioactive contrast Uptake measured in bones
Muscle biopsy:
Muscle specimen
Arthrogram:
X-Ray of a joint
Musculoskeletal
Therapeutic Procedures
Laminectomy:
Surgical excision of lamina to remove compression of nerve
Chemonucleolysis:
Injection of enzyme to dissolve nucleus pulposis
Endoscopic diskectomy:
Endoscopic removal of herniated disc
Musculoskeletal
Therapeutic Procedures
Fractures Reduction and Fixation
Reduction: return to normal anatomical position Fixation: setting or securing fracture fragments in place with hardware OREF:
Open reduction external fixation
ORIF:
Open reduction internal fixation
CRIF:
Closed reduction internal fixation
References
References:
Chabner: D, Medical Terminology: A Short Course Fils, V.