BABA FARID COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

AASHISH KUMAR YADAV

HEAT ENGINEERING B.TECH 5TH SEM MECHANICAL ENGINEERING 509058 GROUP NO 1.
KAMALKANT SHARMA MANJIT SINGH MASSON VIKRAJ SINGH VIKRAM KUMAR

HEAT TRANSFER
Convection with Phase Change
(Boiling and Condensation)

HEAT TRANSFER
Heat is defined in physics as the transfer of thermal energy across a well-defined boundary around a thermodynamic system . Heat transfer is a discipline of THERMAL ENGINEERING that concerns the exchange of THERMAL ENERGY from one physical system to another. Heat transfer is classified into various mechanisms, such as heat conduction, convection, thermal radiation, and phase-change transfer. Heat transfer only occurs because of a temperature-difference driving force and heat flows from the high to the low temperature region.

The fundamental modes of heat transfer are

Conduction or diffusion The transfer of energy between objects that are in physical contact. Convection The transfer of energy between an object and its environment, due to fluid motion Radiation The transfer of energy to or from a body by means of the emission or absorption of electromagnetic radiation.

CONVECTION
Convection is the movement of molecules within fluids (i.e. liquids, gases).

It cannot take place in solids, since neither bulk current flows nor significant diffusion can take place in solids.
convection, is the transfer of heat from one place to another by the movement of fluids Due to its role in heat transfer, convection plays a role in the Earth's atmosphere, its oceans, and its mantle. Discrete convective cells in the atmosphere can be seen as clouds, with stronger convection resulting in thunderstorms.

Phase Change
A phase transition is the transformation of a thermodynamic system from one phase or state of matter to another. During a phase transition of a given medium certain properties of the medium change, often discontinuously, as a result of some external condition, such as temperature, pressure, and others. For example, a liquid may become gas upon heating to the boiling point, resulting in an abrupt change in volume. The measurement of the external conditions at which the transformation occurs is termed the phase transition point.

Boiling
Boiling is associated with transformation of liquid to vapor at a solid/liquid interface due to convection heat transfer from the solid. It is the convective heat transfer process that involves a phase change from liquid to vapour state..

Special cases
Pool Boiling : Liquid motion is due to natural convection and bubble-induced mixing. Forced Convection Boiling : Fluid motion is induced by external means, as well as by bubble-induced mixing. Saturated Boiling : Liquid temperature is slightly larger than saturation temperature

Sub cooled Boiling : Liquid temperature is less than saturation temperature

The boiling curve

Condensation
The CONDENSATION process is the reverse of boiling process!
Condensation occurs when a vapor is cooled and changes its phase to a liquid. Condensation heat transfer, like boiling, is of great significance in industry. During condensation, the latent heat of vaporization must be released. The amount of the heat is the same as that absorbed during vaporization at the same fluid pressure. .

Condensation
Condensation is the process by which a vapor is converted to its liquid state. Because of the large internal energy difference between the liquid and vapor states, a significant amount of heat can be released during the condensation process. For this reason the condensation process is used in many thermal systems In general, a vapor will condense to liquid when it is cooled sufficiently or comes in contact with something (e.g., a solid or another fluid) that is below its equilibrium temperature.

TYPES
FILM CONDENSATION DROPWISE CONDENSATION

FILM CONDENSATION
IF the condensate tends to wet the surface and there by forms a liquid film , then the process is known as FILM CONDENSATION Here, the heat from the vapour to the cooling medium is transferred through the film of the condensate formed on the surface.

DROPWISE CONDENSATION
THE vapour condenses into small liquid droplets of various sizes which fall down the surface in random fashion. THE drops form in cracks and pits on the surface , grow in size , break away from the surface , knock off other droplets and eventually run off the surface , without forming a film under the influence of gravity.

COMPARISION
Film wise and Drop wise are 2 forms of condensationIn film wise condensation a laminar film of vapour is created upon a surface. This film can then flow downwards, increasing in thickness as additional vapour is picked up along the way. VS In drop wise condensation vapour droplets form at an acute angle to a surface. These droplets then flow downwards, accumulating static droplets below them along the way