Airport Layout, Terminal Building, Parking and Hangars

Presented By-

Bibhuti B. Bhardwaj Azaz Ahmed Angshuman M Saharia

Airport Layout DESIGN

Airport layout is meant to assist pilots in easily recognizing runways and other things in the airport from the air and to taxi safely from the runway to the gate.

Layout Design

Considering

Runway Layout

Lightning Layout

Terminal Building Layout

Parking Layout

Hangars

Runway Layout

Four types

Single runway

Parallel runways

Open-V runways

Intersecting runways

(1) Single Runway

Simplest of the 4 basic configurations One runway optimally positioned for prevailing winds, noise, land use and other determining factors

Accommodate between 42 to 53 operations per hour

(2) Parallel Runways

Four types based on how closely they are placed next to each other Accommodate between 64 to 128 operations per hour

(3) Open-V runways

Two runways diverge from different directions but DO NOT intersect useful when there is little wind

Direction of take-off and landings effect the no. of

operations per hour

(4) Intersecting runways

Two or more runways that cross each other potential to use a greater amount of land area than parallel runway configurations.

AIRPORT LIGHTNING LAYOUT

To help pilots at night quickly identify the runways and taxiwaysGreen threshold lights line the runway's edge Red lights mark the ends of runways and indicate obstructions Blue lights run alongside taxiways White or Yellow lights mark their edges

TERMINAL AREA
The airport terminal area is comprised of terminal buildings, aircraft parking, loading, unloading and service areas such as automobile parking

Terminal building is a building at an airport where passengers transfer between ground transportation and the facilities that allow them to board and disembark from aircraft.

Within the terminal building, passengers purchase tickets, transfer their luggage and go through security. The buildings that provide access to the airplanes (via gates) are typically called concourses.

Terminal building configurations

Gate Arrival terminal

Pier finger terminal

Pier Satellite terminal

Transporter Or Mobile Lounge

Simple

Linear

Curvilinear

(A) Gate Arrival Terminal

Within linear terminals, ticket counters serving individual airlines were introduced
and loading bridges were deployed at aircraft gates. In some instances airports were extended in a curvilinear fashion, allowing even more aircraft to park nose-in to the terminal building while maintaining short walking distances from the airport entrance to the aircraft gate.

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(B) Pier finger terminal

The pier finger terminal concept evolved in the 1950s The pier finger terminal is the first of what are known as decentralized facilities

Moreover, often the main-unit terminal facility and corridors connecting the
individual fingers were not expanded along with the construction of additional concourses, leading to passenger crowding in these areas

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(c) Pier satellite TERMINAL

Concourses extended from main-unit terminal buildings with aircraft parked at the end of the concourse around a round atrium or satellite area Satellite terminal concepts were developed in the 1960s and 1970s

(D) mobile lounge or transporter concept

In 1962 the opening of Dulles International Airport west of Washington, D.C., introduced the mobile lounge or transporter concept of airport terminals. To travel between aircraft and the terminal building, passengers would board transporters known as mobile lounges

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1. Departures Lounge 2. Gates and jet bridges 3. Security Clearance Gates 4. Baggage Check-in 5. Baggage Carousels
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APRON AND GATE SYSTEM Locations where aircrafts park for

Loading

Unloading
Servicing

Preflight preparation
Size of aircraft (lengths & wingspans) is single determinant of area
required for individual gates and apron parking spaces

APRON AND GATE SYSTEM

Grand size of airport terminals is a direct result of large no of gates

designed to accommodate aircrafts having long wingspans.

Size of aircraft parking area is also determined by orientation in which aircraft will park, known as the aircraft parking type Aircraft may be positioned at various angles with respect to the terminal building for passenger boarding and deplaning

AIRPORT PARKING
Nose-in Parking Angled Nose-in Major Parking Types

Angled Nose-out
Parallel Parking Remote Parking

NOSE-IN PARKING

Common for large jet aircrafts.

Required less space.

Only the front-entry door on the aircraft is used for boarding as rear doors are far from loading bridge.

SCHEMATICS OF NOSE-IN PARKING

Parked by own engine power

Aircraft

Parking

Pulled / Pushed out of parking by Aircraft tugs

Nose-in parking

ANGLED NOSE-IN PARKING

Used mostly by smaller Aircrafts Requires slightly more parking space than for nose-in types

Brings the aircraft close to terminal building while maintaining enough maneuvering room so that it can exit parking space under its own power.

ANGLED NOSE-OUT PARKING

Used at airports with relatively low levels of activity

The aircraft is parked slightly farther from the terminal building so that the blast from jets or large propellers doesnt damage the terminal buildings

PARALLEL PARKING
Easy to achieve but requires larger parking space near terminal building Mostly employed by cargo aircrafts

Both front and rear doors of the aircraft could be used for passenger boarding.

REMOTE PARKING

Comprises of a series of rows of parking spaces Employed when parking area near the terminal building is limited

Smaller commercial and general aviation aircrafts may be boarded and deplaned from the remote parking areas with the use of shuttle buses or vans.

Remote parking

What is Hangar?
A hangar is a closed structure to hold aircraft in protective storage. The word hangar comes from Middle French hanghart ("enclosure near a house")

Hangar
Most hangars are built of metal, but other materials such as

wood and concrete are also

used. It is used for protection from weather, protection from direct sunlight, maintenance, repair, manufacture.

Hangar Site Location

There should be convenient

road access to it from the aprons

and terminal buildings. Proximity to and easy

installation of utilities.
The site should not be along the direction of frequent storms.

Favorable topography providing

good natural drainage.

Span and Size

According to the span of the hangar, the sizes can be classified:
Size S M L XL XXL Span (m) Less than 30m 30m-60m 60m-90m 90m-120m More than 120m

The XXL hangars are built for the biggest aircraft in the world: Airbus A380, Boeing 747.
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Different types of Hangers

Airship Hanger
Airship hangars are specialized buildings that are used for sheltering airships during construction, maintenance and storage.

Zeppelin Hanger, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Bellman hangar
The Bellman Hangar was designed in the United Kingdom in 1936 by N. S. Bellman, as a temporary hangar capable of being erected or dismantled by unskilled labour with simple equipment and to be easily transportable

Bellman Hanger, South Australia, 2007

Cargolifter

Cargolifter AG was a company created to offer logistical services through point-to point transport of heavy

and outsized loads.

Cargolifter AG was created on 1 September 1996 in Wiesbaden, Germany

Exterior view of hangar built for

Cargolifter

Tee hangar
It is constructed of metal, they are primarily used for private

aircraft at general aviation airports.

Underground hangar
An underground hangar is a type of hangar for military aircraft,

usually dug into the side of a mountain for protection.

Underground

hangar in Sweden