OLED (Organic Light Emitting Diode)

Guided by : Submitted by: Prof M .Ravi Kumar Rajesh Behera ID- B109035

What is an OLED?
OLED - Organic Light Emitting Diode An OLED is any light emitting diode (LED) which emissive electroluminescent layer is composed of a film of organic compounds(such as perylene, rubrene and quinacridone ); which emit light in response to an electric current .

This layer of organic semiconductor material is situated between two electrodes. Generally, at least one of these electrodes is transparent.

History of OLEDs
First developed in the early 1950s in France Early technology would emit a short burst of light when a voltage was applied This early form applied high-voltage alternating current field to crystalline thin films of acridine orange and quinacrine. 1960s - AC-driven electroluminescent cells using doped anthracene was developed In a 1977 paper, Shirakawa et al. Reported high conductivity in similarly oxidized and iodine-doped polyacetylene. In 1987 Chin Tang and Van Slyke introduced the first light emitting diodes from thin organic layers. In 1990 electroluminescence in polymers was discovered.

Architecture of OLEDs
Substrate (clear plastic, glass, foil) - The substrate supports the OLED. Anode (transparent) - The anode removes electrons (adds electron "holes") when a current flows through the device. Organic layer: o Conductive layer - This layer is made of organic plastic molecules that transport "holes" from the anode. One conducting polymer used in OLEDs is polyaniline. o Emissive layer - This layer is made of organic plastic molecules (different ones from the conducting layer) that transport electrons from the cathode; this is where light is emitted. One polymer used in the emissive layer is polyfluorene. Cathode (may or may not be transparent depending on the type of OLED) The cathode injects electrons when a current flows through the device.

Types of OLEDs
Passive OLEDs The organic layer is between strips of cathode and anode that run perpendicular The intersections form the pixels Easy to make Use more power Best for small screens Active OLEDs Full layers of cathode and anode Anode over lays a thin film transistor (TFT) Requires less power Higher refresh rates Suitable for large screens

Current Research for OLEDs

Manufacturers focusing on finding a cheap way to produce o "Roll-to-Roll" Manufacturing Increasing efficiency of blue luminance

Boosting overall lifespan

Applications of OLEDs
TVs Cell Phone screens Computer Screens Keyboards (Optimus Maximus) Lights Portable Divice displays

OLEDs as a Light Source

OLED Televisions
Sony
Released XEL-1 in February 2009. First OLED TV sold in stores. 11'' screen, 3mm thin $2,500 MSRP Weighs approximately 1.9 kg Wide 178 degree viewing angle 1,000,000:1 Contrast ratio

Optimus Maximus Keyboard

Small OLED screen on every key 113 OLED screens total Each key can be programmed to preform a series of functions Keys can be linked to applications Display notes, numerals, special symbols, HTML codes, etc... SD card slot for storing settings

Advantages of OLEDs
OLED Displays Vs. LCD and Plasma Much faster response time Consume significantly less energy Able to display "True Black" picture Wider viewing angles Thinner display Better contrast ratio Safer for the environment Has potential to be mass produced inexpensively OLEDs refresh almost 1,000 times faster then LCDs OLED Lighting Vs. Incandescent and Fluorescent Cheaper way to create flexible lighting Requires less power Better quality of light (ie. no "Cold Light") New design concepts for interior lighting

Disadvantages of OLEDs
OLED Displays Vs. LCD and Plasma Cost to manufacture is high Overall luminance degradation Constraints with lifespan Easily damaged by water Limited market availability

OLED Lighting Vs. Incandescent and Fluorescent Not as easy as changing a light bulb

Future Uses for OLED

Lighting Flexible / bendable lighting Wallpaper lighting defining new ways to light a space Transparent lighting doubles as a window

Cell Phones Nokia 888

Future Uses for OLED

Transparent Car Navigation System on Windshield Using Samsungs' transparent OLED technology Heads up display GPS system Scroll Laptop Nokia concept OLED Laptop

conclusion
In the future, OLEDs will probably conquer a large portion of the micro display market. Their higher efficiency and lower weight will make them quite competitive with LCD displays, the currently favourite technology.

So dont just wait, run because the future is running faster than you.

Thank you
Have a nice day.