WiMAX Overview

Outline
What is WiMAX WiMAX Standards Organization WiMAX Standards Evolution Mobile WiMAX Standards Evolution WiMAX Network Architecture Profile B & Profile C

Background

Based on WMAN developed by 802.16 group

WiMAX Applications
Fixed
802.16-2004 (OFDM)

Nomadic/Portable
802.16-2004 (OFDM) & early 802.16e (SOFDMA)

Mobile
802.16-2005 (SOFDMA)

Fixed Outdoor
Wi-Fi

Nomadic HotZone

Mobile Cellular Deployments

Portable Indoor
Backhaul

Wi-Fi

Enterprise Campus Networks

Wi-Fi* Hotspot

PTP and PMP networking Outdoor antenna deployments Data and voice service 802.16-2004 OFDM mode Fixed mode No handoffs

Outdoor and indoor coverage PCMCIA cards 802.16-2004 OFDM mode BBM handoffs for portable model Supporting sleep mode

Cellular deployments, high frequency reuse, and backend infrastructure enabling mobile services Indoor usage model with advanced antenna options 802.16-2005 SOFDMA mode Embedded clients for PCs and handhelds MBB advanced handoffs Data, Audio, Voice, Video

WiMAX Advantages

Large Coverage Large Capacity High Access Data Speed High Compatibility Abundant Services Low Cost Complete QoS Mechanism

Outline
What is WiMAX WiMAX Standards Organization WiMAX Standards Evolution Mobile WiMAX Standards Evolution WiMAX Network Architecture Profile B & Profile C

IEEE 802.16 Working Group

IEEE802.16 Working Group Established in 1999/7 for WMAN

Standards for BWA 2~66 GHz Members:

Companies:

Fujitsu, Intel, Beceem, ZTE, Huawei, KT, Airspan, Siemens, Aperto, Alvarion, Nortel, Motorola, ETRI, Nokia, Runcom, Samsung, LG, KDDI

WiMAX Forum

Founded in April, 2001 The WiMAX Forum is an industry-led, not-for-profit organization formed to certify and promote the compatibility and interoperability of broadband wireless products WiMAX Forum Certified products are fully interoperable and support broadband fixed, portable and mobile services.
Made up of 15 board members and 472 member companies Contributes to foster a thriving ecosystem

Board Member of WiMAX

Structure of WiMAX Members

Ecosystem and Partnerships

Operators System Vendors
CPE/ Embedded Solutions Silicon/ Semiconductor Companies Government/ Regulatory Agencies

Standards Bodies

WiMAX Forum Working Groups

MWG
Marketing Working Group

TWG
Technology Working Group

AWG
Application Working Group

CWG
Certification Working Group

RWG
Regulatory Working Group

NWG SPWG
Network Working Group

Service Provider Working Group

Work Group Inter-correlation of WiMAX

Technical Work Group

Conformance and Interoperability Test Specifications based on

IEEE802.16 Air Interface ETSI HiperMAN

Certificate Test Specifications include:

System Profile, PICS, RCT, TSS &TP, ATS

3 Task Group in TWG:

802.16-2004
ETG (Evaluation Task Group) MTG (Mobile Task Group)

Mobile Task Group & Service Provider Work Group

Mobile Task Group

Mobile Certification Profile Mobile Certification Waves System Profile Features Mobile System Profile

Mobile PICS
Mobile RCT Mobile ATS Submit the requirements of system network development To meet the current and future market Define WiMAX evolution direction

Service Provider Work Group

Support for trial and commercial deployment

Certificate Work Group

Manage Certificate Process, including

Conformance, Interoperability, etc.

Test Lab selection and Quality Monitor

Cetecom Labs in Spain

2005/12 IEEE802.16-2004 products 2006~2007 IEEE802.16e-2005 products

WiMAX Forum CertifiedTM as the mark for passing Certification Testing Plugfest is for interoperability. It is not a formal test.

Certification Testing

Certification testing are performed in multiple releases and waves. Multiple releases are necessary to test products as they evolve over time with new features/specifications. New releases new test for new features as well as previously tested features, in different waves of testing.

Certification Process

Protocol Implementation Conformance Statement (PICS) affirms that the vendor supports all the capability to be tested during the certification process product meets the certification requirements. Protocol Implementation Extra Information for Testing (PIXIT) document that provides information on the equipment configuration additional information on the product.

Network Work Group

High level end-to-end Network Architecture based on IEEE802.16 Specifications of Network Interface, Network Entity, and Inter-working with other systems 3 phases: Release1, R1.5, R2 Release 1: TDD chipset(HARQ,Fastfeedback) Release1.5: Mainly for FDD bands , MBS(VOIP , Streaming) Release 2: conform to IMT2000.

Regulatory Work Group

Seek and confirm for uniform licensed bands Expected 05-07 Deployment Bands

Canada
2.5, 3.5 & 5 GHz

Europe
3.5 3.6 & 5 GHz 2.5 GHz unused

Russia
2.3, 2.5 & 3.5 GHz

USA
2.5 & 5 GHz

China Middle East & Africa

3.5 & 5 GHz 3.5 & 5 GHz 2.5 & 3.3 GHz unused

Korea & Asia Pacific

2.3 3.3, 3.5 & 5 GHz

Central & South America

2.5, 3.5 & 5 GHz

SE Asia
2.5, 3.3 & 5 GHz

AWG & MWG

Application Work Group Develop the services and applications Differentiate WiMAX with others Proof of Concept; Demonstration, etc. Market Work Group Promote the WiMAX Forum organization, brand, and standards development Market positioning Acknowledge and implementation White papers, and analysis reports

Relationship Between 802.16 & WiMAX Forum

Start

802.16 writes & publishes standard

WiMAX TWG selects set of 802.16 features to create a System Profile

TWG writes supporting Test cases, CWG coordinates testing of vendor equipment

802.16 Feature Set WiMAX Feature Set

WiMAX certified Products!

Outline
What is WiMAX WiMAX Standards Organization WiMAX Standards Evolution Mobile WiMAX Standards Evolution WiMAX Network Architecture Profile B & Profile C

WiMAX Standards Evolution

IEEE802.16d vs IEEE802.16e
IEEE802.16d
Fixed, Nomadic

IEEE802.16e
Fixed ,Nomadic, Portable, Simple Mobility (60kmh), Full Mobility (120kmh).

From Fixed to Full Mobility 3.5G and 5.8G Hotspots, residential, enterprise Permutation: NO PHY Mode: OFDM PHY Tech: MIMO/AAS Modulation: BPSK-64QAM 2.3G, 2.5G and 3.5G Hotspots, residential, enterprise, Seamless Coverage PUSC/FUSC/Option PUSC /Band AMC PHY Mode: Scalable OFDMA Band AMC, AAS, MIMO, HARQ, Power control QPSK-64QAM (2, 4, 6 Repetition)

IEEE802.16d vs IEEE802.16e (Cont.)

IEEE802.16d
Sounding: NO Safety Channel: No Coding: CC/CTC Handover: No MBS: No
Enhance Security (PKMv2.0): NO

IEEE802.16e
Sounding: Yes Safety Channel: Yes CC / CTC / LDPC (ZTE IPR) HHO, FBSS, SHO MBS: Yes
Enhance Security (PKMv2.0): Yes

Support More Services Push to Talk: No

Power save mode: No Limited Qos

Push to Talk: Yes

Idle Mode, Sleep Mode Full Qos

IEEE802.16 Other Standards

Air Interface Maintenance Network Management Conformance License Exempt
802.16h: Amendment to IEEE Std 802.16 on LicenseExempt Coexistence, Pre-Draft, Plan in 2007/3

Mobile Multi-hop Relay

802.16j: Amendment to 802.16 on Multi-hop Relay Specification, Pre-Draft, Plan in 2007/9

802.16f-2005: 802.162004/Cor1-2005: Amendment to 802.16 on Corrigendum to Management 802.16-2004. Information Base. 802.16g: 802.16e-2005: Amendment to For combined 802.16 on fixed and mobile Management operation in Plane Procedures Licensed Bands. and Services, Plan in 2007/01 802.16i:

802.16-2004: For fixed broadband wireless access systems

802.16

/Conformance04:

Conformance to IEEE802.16 Part 4: for Frequencies below 11 GHz, in 2006/6

Amendment to 802.16 on Mobile Management Information Base, Plan in 2006/12

Outline
What is WiMAX WiMAX Standards Organization WiMAX Standards Evolution Mobile WiMAX Standards Evolution WiMAX Network Architecture Profile B & Profile C

Mobile WiMAX Release Roadmap

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

Network Release

WiMAX Network Release 1.0/1.5 2007-2008

WiMAX Network Release 1.5/1.6 2008-2009

WiMAX Network Release 2.0 2010

IEEE 802.16 Standard

802.16e-2005+ Cor2D3 Mar 2007

802.16-2009 (Rev2) May 2009

802.16m (IMT-Advanced Compliant) May 2010

Rel 1.0

Rel 1.5

Rel 2.0

Extension

Evolution

Mobile WiMAX Technology Evolution Overview

WiMAX Forum

Release 1.0
WiMAX Network NWG Rel 1.0/1.5 (2007-2008) Wave 2 + Baseline Network Services (Q2 2009)

Release 1.5
WiMAX Network NWG Rel 1.5/1.6 (Q4 2008-2009) Certification + Enhanced Optional Network Services (Q1 2010) Mobile WiMAX System Profile Release 1.5 (Q2 2009)

Release 2.0
WiMAX Network NWG Rel 2.0 (2010) Certification + Enhanced Optional Network Services (1H 2011) Mobile WiMAX System Profile Release 2.0 (2010)

Network Specification

Certification

Wave 1 (Q1 2008)

Wave 2 (Q2 2008)

System Specification

Mobile WiMAX System Profile Release 1.0 (2007)

Backward Compatible Evolution

802.16e (Dec 2005) + Cor2/D3 (Mar 2007) 802.16-2009 (May 2009) 802.16m (May 2010 )

IEEE Standard

Mobile WiMAX Release Highlights

Release 2.0(802.16m) Release 1.5(802.16e Enhancement) Release 1.0(802.16e)
Underlying Standards
Air Interface: 802.16e 2005 + Cor2/D3 Network: NWG Release 1.0/1.5

Underlying Standards
Air Interface: 802.16m Network: NWG Release 2.0 Backward Compatibility Strong Backward compatibility w/WiAMX 1.0 Efficient Legacy Turn-off Support 16m Common Architect (legacy mix and green-field) Performance Evolution Exceeding IMT-A Requirements OFDMA, FDD & TDD 5MHz~40MHz Channel BWs Advanced Interference Mitigation Advanced MIMO - Multi-user MIMO - Multi-BS MIMO Feature Evolution Support of New Features - Multi-carrier - Multi-hop Relay - Femto/SON - HO / Coexistence w/ other RATs - EMBS - Basic LBS and Enhanced LBS

Underlying Standards
Air Interface: 802.16-2009 Network: NWG Release 1.5/1.6

Enhancements
Additional Spectrum Bands Enabling both TDD and (H)FDD with Maximum Commonality Some Performance Improvement introduced by UL Modulation and Additional Antenna Features Enabling Network Release 1.5/1.6 Advanced Features

Specificatins
Channel BW: 8.75(Korea),5,10MHz Focus on TDD Modulation: - DL: QPSK,16QAM,64QAM - UL: QPSK,16QAM Peak Data Rates Per Sector /Per Carrier: - DL: 1.93bps/Hz - UL: 0.88bps/Hz Advanced Antenna Features and Configurations - SIMO (1x2) in Wave 1 - MIMO (DL 2x2; UL 1x2) in Wave 2

Applications Higher VoIP Capacity

Enhanced MBS VLAN/Ethernet Service

Key Features of Mobile WiMAX Release 1.0 & 1.5

Rel 1.0
Basic Numerology Duplexing Spectrum MAP OFDMA TDD 2.3-2.4GHz(8.75 / 3.5MHz, 5 and 10MHz) 3.3-3.8GHz(5 ,7 and 10MHz) Normal MAP, Compressed MAP, OFDMA TDD,FDD,HFDD
Extension to new Spectrum Bands for FDD

Rel 1.5

Normal MAP, Compressed MAP, MAP Reduction: Persistent HARQ DL/UL MAP (efficient support for VoIP support) Repetition, Randomization, Interleaving, CC,CTC DL : QPSK 16QAM 64QAM; UL QPSK 16QAM; 64QAM

Channel Coding

Repetition, Randomization, Interleaving, CC,CTC DL : QPSK 16QAM 64QAM; UL QPSK 16QAM;

Modulation

HARQ

Chase Combining

Chase Combining

Key Features of Mobile WiMAX Release 1.0 & 1.5 (Cont.)

Rel 1.0
Power Control Subcarrier Allocation Open Loop and Close Loop PC DL: PUSC w/all subchannels, AMC 2*3, PUSC w/ dedicated pilots, AMC 2x3 w/ dedicated pilots UL: PUSC, AMC2*3 DL: 2Tx MIMO (STC, SM) w/PUSC UL: Collaborative SM w/PUSC for two MS with single transmit antenna

Rel 1.5
Open Loop and Close Loop PC DL: PUSC w/all subchannels, AMC 2*3, PUSC w/ dedicated pilots, AMC 2x3 w/ dedicated pilots UL: PUSC, AMC2*3 Additional Multi-antenna Transmission Format : DL: 2Tx MIMO (STC, SM) w/AMC UL: 2Tx MIMO (STC, SM) w/PUSC 2Tx MIMO (STC, SM) w/AMC Collaborative SM w/AMC for two MSs with single Tx antenna BF CDD announcement Codebook based Closed-loop MIMO Feedback Mechanism

Multi-antenna Transmission Format

Key Features of Mobile WiMAX Release 1.0 & 1.5 (Cont.)

Rel 1.0
QoS Dynamic service flow creation,change(BSinitiated),deletion(BS/SS-initiated)

Rel 1.5
Additional: Dynamic service flow creation/change (MS initiated)

Scheduling Service
MAC PDU packing and Reassembly Request-Grant mechanism ARQ MBS Handover Sleep Mode Idle Mode CS Security Advanced Features

UGS,ertPS,rtPS,nrtPS,BE
Y Y Y Y Hard HO, HO Optimization Y Y IPv4,IPv6 PKMv2, CMAC, EAP-based authorization N

UGS,ertPS,rtPS,nrtPS,BE
Y Y Y MBS Enhancement Hard HO, HO Optimization Seamless Handover Y Y IPv4,IPv6 ROHC PKMv2, CMAC, EAP-based authorization Location Based Services Co-existence Among WiMAX, Wi-Fi and Bluetooth Networks Load Balancing Alternative RAT Advertisement (FFS) Dynamic, Persistent Allocation

Resource Allocation

Dynamic

Comparison between 16e and 16m - PHY

16m Basic Numerology Frame Structure DL PHY Structure DL Control Structure UL PHY Structure UL Control Structure OFDMA Superframe (20ms), frame (5ms), subframe(8) Unified resource unit: PRU, LRU, DRU, CRU A-Preamble, SFH, A-MAP Unified resource unit: PRU, LRU, DRU, CRU P-FBCH, S-FBCH, UL HARQ FBCH UL Sounding Channel UL Ranging Channel Bandwidth Request Channel NT,NR = (2,2), (4,2), (4,4), (8,2), (8,4), (8,8) Maximum streams: DL 8 streams, UL 4streams DL: OL/CL-SU MIMO; OL/CL-MU MIMO UL: OL/CL-SU MIMO; OL/CL-CSM(MU MIMO) SFBC, SM VE, SM HE, CDR Adaptive and Non-adaptive precoding Multi-BS MIMO Optimized FEC encoding, QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM Rate Matching, no fixed MCS OFDMA Frame (5ms) Subchannel Subcarrier * symbol DCD, DL MAP Slot tile UCD, UL MAP 16e

MIMO

DL: 2Tx, Single-User MIMOBF UL: Single-User MIMO, Collaborative Spatial Multiplexing

Modulation and Channel Coding

QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM (only DL)

Comparison between 16e and 16m - MAC

16m
MAC Addressing HARQ Handover Station ID, Flow ID DL: asynchronous UL: synchronous Optimized handover; different handover procedure dependent on different scenarios; Inter-RAT handover HO between 16e BS and 16m mixed BS Single power saving class Two step paging procedure Unified PDU format: Generic MAC Header and Extended Header Fractional Frequency Reuse, Advanced Antenna Technologies, Inter-BS Coordination Dedicated carrier for E-MBS; Static and dynamic multicast GPS-Based Location Determination Method, Non-GPS-Based Location Determination Method Hybrid Method Should be supported Should be supported

16e
Connection ID (16bits) DL, UL: asynchronous Hard handover, optimized hard handover

Sleep Mode Idle Mode MAC PDU Format

Three types of power saving classes Only one step paging procedure Generic MAC header, MAC Signaling Header Type I/II, MAC Subheader, Extended Subheader No specific interference mitigation schemes

Interference Mitigation EMBS LBS

Single-BS MBS, Multi-BS MBS TDOA method

Multi-Carrier Relay

No specific definition No specific definition except 16j

Femto
Self Organization

Should be supported
Self-Configuration, Self-Optimization

No specific definition
No specific definition

Outline
What is WiMAX WiMAX Standards Organization WiMAX Standards Evolution Mobile WiMAX Standards Evolution WiMAX Network Architecture Profile B & Profile C

Network Reference Model

R1: Between MS and ASN
Protocols and Procedures as per the air interface MAY include additional protocols related to the management plane.

R2: Between the MS and CSN

Authentication,

Services Authorization and IP Host Configuration management.

R3: Between the ASN and CSN

Control

plane Protocols support AAA, policy and mobility management capabilities.

ASN Reference Model

R4: between ASNs and ASN-GWs.

Control and Bearer plane Protocols Originating / terminating various functional entities of an ASN that coordinate MS mobility

R6: between the BS and the ASNGW.

Control and Bearer plane protocols for communication

R8: between the base stations

Control plane message flows Optionally Bearer plane data flows Ensure fast and seamless handover.

Network Elements

Mobile Station (MS) or Subscriber Station (SS) refers to the user equipment and/or software needed for communication with the WiMAX network. The Base Station (BS) is defined as representing one sector with one frequency assignment implementing the IEEE 802.16e interface to the MS.

UL and DL scheduling Traffic classification and Service Flow Management (SFM) Tunneling and message relay function between BS and AGW Reception and encryption key to MS Provide terminal activity (active, idle) status

Network Elements (Cont.)

Access Service Network Gateway (AGW) performs management of BS and interconnects BS to the CSN

Provide ASN location management and paging Server for network session and mobility management Acts as an authenticator and performs Service Flow Authorization (SFA). Performs routing (IPv4/IPv6) to selected CSNs. IP address allocation to MS for user sessions. Policy and QoS management Subscriber billing and inter-operator settlement. Inter-CSN tunneling for roaming. Inter-ASN mobility management.

CSN stands for Communication Service Network

Outline
What is WiMAX WiMAX Standards Organization WiMAX Standards Evolution Mobile WiMAX Standards Evolution WiMAX Network Architecture Profile B & Profile C

ASN Profile B

Features of Profile B

Distributed platform Combined BS and ASN-GW Difficult to customize IP and wireless functions for operators Simple architecture but hides R6.

ASN Profile C

Features of Profile C

Distributed platform Separate BS and ASN-GW Handover Control in BS Radio Resource Control in BS

Radio Resource Management in BS, HO

ASN Anchored Mobility by R4 and R6

ZTE Mobile WiMAX Network Architecture

ASN
R6
BS

CSN
Home

Services

R3 R1
AGW

Incumbent Core Network (e.g. 3GPP, xDSL) WiMAX CSN

Internet

ASN Profile C
Services

R4 R5 R2
SS/MS

R1 R3

Visited

WiMAX CSN Incumbent Core Network (e.g. 3GPP, xDSL)

R6
BS

AGW

Miscellaneous

Profile A: IP & Radio functionality is resided in BTS & ASN-GW. RRM is in AGW & supports Slow Hand Over.