TAIWAN

Dijesh Pradhanang Durga Thapa Magar Garima Subedi Ghan Shyam Pun Kush Rai

Introduction:
Taiwan is an island located 112 miles far from coast of midland china. Previously known as Formosa (Beautiful Island) . Total Area: 35883 Square kilometer.

Capital City : Taipei

Total population: 23.2 million. Interesting history and ethnicity.

98% of Taiwanese are ethnically Han Chinese.

Their official language is Mandarin. Marine Topical Climate and Typhoon mostly occurs.

 Religion:
Buddhism Christianity Islam : 95% : 4.5% : less than 1%

Economy:
- Known as one of the Asias Tiger Economy - Per Capita GDP : $ 37,900

- Unemployment Rate

: 4.3%

- Major exporter of electronics and High Tech Products. - GDP growth rate is 5.2% per year.

History:
More than 4000 years ago farmers from the midland china believed

to the ancestors of current Taiwanese.

During 16th century, Dutch East India Company started to establish a trading outpost on the island. During 1624, established a strong hold called Fortzeelandia. During 1626-42, Spanish landed and occupied the northern Taiwan.

(expanding the trading activities).

Ming Dynasty, Koxinga ruled the island for 20 yrs (1662-1682), Southern part.

 During 17th Century, many European countries came to Asia to

develop a trade relationship, island became the mot important transit site. Japanese captured the island in 1st Sino-Japanese War (1894-95) Key player for Industrialization of Island.

Extended the railroads, transportation network, established a formal

education system. 1939, Taiwan was the 7th largest producer of Sugarcane. Japan Surrendered the control at the end of 2nd - world war.

 On 25th october 1945 (2nd world war), Republic of china (ROC) captured the island.

ROC established a single party government, Chiang Kai-Shek

Nationalist (KMT) group. Taiwan economy became industrialized and Technology oriented, (supported by US fund and product demand). In 1979, pro- democratic movement/protest began known as

Kaohsiung Incident to celebrate Human Right Day.

Political and Social Liberalization led to free election of Lee Teng hei as a president in 1996.

Politics
Government type: multiparty democracy Constitution: adopted in 25 December 1946; effective in 25 December 1947; amended many times Legal System: civil law system

History
In 1949 there was a civil war in China The communists won and the democrats retreated to Taiwan or the Republic of China Since then China has viewed Taiwan as a renegade province Taiwan, however, views themselves as a separate country In mainland China today, the war is more commonly known as War of Liberation.

Independence From the PRC

Since 1949: the ROC and the PRC governed as separate territories From that point and until 1971, Taiwan was recognized as "China" in the United Nations. 1979: Beijing launches intensive United Front Campaign
Taipei responds with Three no's Policy

No contact No negotiation No Compromise

Is Taiwan part of China?

Taiwan has only been under the control of China's government for four years 20th century. Japan ruled the island from 1895 to 1945 after the rule of Dutch, Spanish, and Chinese. Strong legal case of determining the future international status of Taiwan by its people without interference form their own government of China. Present government of Taiwan and the government of mainland China both insist that Taiwan is an integral part of China. China has claimed sovereignty over Taiwan since the end of the Chinese civil war in 1949

Is Taiwan a democratic country?

No. The people cannot change the government through the electoral process. It continues to place serious restraints on civil and political rights. Currently, Taiwan's government has been forced to make political reforms in recent years. There is greater freedom of expression and freedom to organize than during the martial law period(1949-1987). There will be elections for most parliamentary seats But there will still be seats representing China in the parliament.

One Country, Two Systems

Mainland China envisions to unify Taiwan under the formula of one country, two systems and reserves the authority to use military force. It means there would be only one China , but areas such as Hong Kong , Macau and Taiwan could have their own capitalist economic and political systems, while the rest of China remains one.

Taiwan Politics Today

Taiwan Politics Today Together with the People First Party and Chinese New Party (the KMT) forms known as Taiwanese Pan-Blue coalition The KMT is not really advocating unification with Mainland China But under pressure from the public, the KMT has been forced to moderate their stance by advocating political and legal status quo of modern Taiwan

 KMT accepts a " One China Principle " - it officially considers that there is only one China and that the Republic of China, i.e. Taiwan is its legitimate government However, since 2008, in order to ease tensions with the People's Republic of China, the KMT endorses the "three nos" policy:
1. 2. 3. No unification No independence No use of force

The Independence Movement

Independence movement was to formally establish the Republic of Taiwan. Also to reject Chinese identity and strengthen Taiwanese national identity. To reject unification and One country, two systems To obtain international recognition as a sovereign state Taiwan was a one-party state before it transitioned to democracy in the early 1990s

Diplomatic Isolation
China insists that nations cannot have official relations with both China and Taiwan. So Taiwan has formal diplomatic ties with only two dozen countries - Pacific, Latin American and African states in the main. Taiwan has no seat at the United Nations. Repeated attempts to regain representation at the UN have been blocked. Despite of isolation, Taiwan has become one of Asia's big traders. Become one of the world's top producers of computer technology.

Economy of Taiwan

Introduction
Taiwan has a dynamic capitalist economy. Export oriented economy, highly influenced by the economic fluctuation in the world market. Foreign investment in Taiwan is the third largest in the world. Privatization of government industry and firm. Closer economic links with the mainland bring opportunities and threat for the economy.

Transformation of Taiwan's economy

US aid was important which constituted more than 30 percent of domestic investment from 1951 to 1962. Aid was cut back in the 1970s Shift from subsidized import-substitution in the 1950s to export-led growth. Government planning and universal education, brought huge advancement in industry and agriculture, and living standards.

Contd.
Taiwan moved from cheap, labor-intensive manufactures, such as textiles and toys, into an expansion of heavy industry and infrastructure in the 1970s. Advanced electronics in the subsequent decade. By the 1980s, the economy was becoming increasingly open. Moved towards privatization of government enterprises. Technological development led to the establishment of the Hsinchu Science Park in 1981.

Foreign trade
Foreign trade has been the engine of Taiwan's rapid growth during the past 40 years. Business Environment Risk Intelligence (BERI), Taiwan ranked third-best globally for its investment environment. Trade increased over fivefold in the 1960s, nearly tenfold in the 1970s, and doubled again in the 1980s. The 1990s saw a more modest slightly less than twofold, growth

Exports
$288.2 billion (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 22 Electronics, Flat panels, Machinery; Metals; Textiles, Plastics, Chemicals; Optical, Photographic, Measuring, and Medical instruments. China 28.1%, Hong Kong 13.8%, US 11.5%, Japan 6.6%, Singapore 4.4% (2010 est.)

Imports
$261.6 billion (2012 est.) country comparison to the world: 20 electronics, machinery, crude petroleum, precision instruments, organic chemicals, metals Japan 20.7%, China 14.2%, US 10%, South Korea 6.4%, Saudi Arabia 4.7% (2010 est.)

Industry Analysis
Includes a handful of companies at the top along with many small and medium-sized enterprises (SME). Emphasis of the OEM/ODM model. Unable to make in-depth assessments for investment, production, and marketing of new products. Instead relying upon importation of key components and advanced technology from the United States and Japan.

Electronic & IT sector

In 1960, the electronics industry in Taiwan was virtually nonexistent. Developed rapidly after 1980.

Ranked 1st in the world in production of:

Scanners (91.5% global market share) Motherboards (70.4%) Notebook Computers (55.3%) Monitors (54.2%)

Contd..
The optoelectronics industry (including flat panel displays and photovoltaic) totaled NT$2.2 trillion in 2010 The semiconductor industry, including IC manufacturing, design, and packing, forms a major part of Taiwan's IT industry. The sector output reached US$39 billion in 2009. Companies such as TSMC and UMC were established.

 The "e-Taiwan" project launched by the government seeks to use US$1.83 billion. Five major areas: government, life, business, transport, and broadband. Used its industrial resources and product management experience to become the research and development hub of the Asia-Pacific region.

If Taiwan were your home instead of Nepal you would...

use 128.8 times more electricity consume 55.9 times more oil make 24.8 times more money
The per capita consumption of electricity in Taiwan is 9,980kWh while in Nepal it is 77kWh.

Taiwan consumes 1.4608 gallons of oil per day per capita while Nepal consumes 0.0261

The GDP per capita in Taiwan is $29,800 while in Nepal it is $1,200

spend 33.6 times more money on health care

Per capita public and private health expenditures combined in Taiwan are $1,745 USD while Nepal spends $52 USD

Contd..
have 88.57% less chance of dying in infancy have 87.17% more chance at being employed
The number of deaths of infants under one year old in a given year per 1,000 live births in Taiwan is 5.26 while in Nepal it is 46.00.

Taiwan has an unemployment rate of 5.90% while Nepal has 46.00%

live 12.34 years longer

The life expectancy at birth in Taiwan is 78.15 while in Nepal it is 65.81.

have 60.01% less babies

The annual number of births per 1,000 people in Taiwan is 8.97 while in Nepal it is 22.43.