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FOR AN INFECTION TO OCCUR THERE IS A CHAIN OF EVENTS HOST AGENT MODE OF ESCAPE MODE OF TRANSMISSION MODE OF ENTRY SUSCEPTIBLE HOST
HOSTS
CATTLE SWINE SHEEP & GOATS ALL CLOVEN HOOFED ANIMALS. CAMELIDS ARE NOT HIGHLY SUSCEPTIBLE
RESISTANT SPECIES
HORSES
MAN
AGENT (FMD VIRUS) HIGHLY CONTAGIOUS IT TAKES VERY FEW VIRUS PARTICALS TO CAUSE AN INFECTION A PIECE OF INFECTED MATERIAL THE SIZE OF A QUARTER WILL INFECT 1,000,000 HEAD OF CATTLE
HOW DOES THE VIRUS ESCAPE FROM THE ANIMAL? IN RUPTURED VESCICLE FLUID EXHALED AIR SALIVA MILK SEMEN FECES URINE
TRANSMISSION THE VIRUS IS SHED 5-10 BEFORE CLINICAL SIGNS APPEAR VACCINATED ANIMALS CAN SHED THE ORGANISM
RECOVERED CATTLE, SHEEP AND BUFFALO CAN BECOME CARRIERS
FMD VIRUS SURVIVES UP TO 3 DAYS IN MUSCLE FOR MONTHS IN CHILLED OR FROZEN LYMPH NODES, BONE MARROW, VISCERA AND RESIDUAL BLOOD CLOTS
SOME PLACES WHERE THE VIRUS HIDES OUT SAUSAGE/HAM/BACON 190 DAYS DRIED SKIM MILK 2 YEARS CURED HIDES 352 DAYS SURVIVAL OF THE FMD VIRUS DEPENDS ON pH, TEMPERATURE & HUMIDITY
MODES OF TRANSMISSION
DIRECT CONTACT & RESPIRATORY AEROSOLS LIVE ANIMAL MOVEMENT ARTIFICIAL BREEDING WINDBORNE SPREAD PIG EMIT 1,000,000,000 I U /DAY
TRANSMISSION
ANIMAL PRODUCTS & BY-PRODUCTS VECTORS MECHANICAL SPREAD/FOMITES
MODE OF ENTRY
INGESTION INHALATION
ARTIFICIAL INSEMENATION
SUSCEPTIBILITY OF A NEW HOST PIGS, CATTLE, SHEEP, GOATS AND WILD ANIMALS
IF YOU HAVE AN ANIMAL WITH MOUTH, FEET OR TEAT LESIONS CALL YOUR VETERINARIAN
HOW DO WE DEAL WITH A FMD OUTBREAK? QUARANTINE AND CULLING OF ANIMALS VACCINATION AND CULLING
WHO IS IN CHARGE? WHO PAYS THE BILL? WHAT ARE THE IMPACTS?
www.maff.gov.uk/animalh/diseases/fmd/default.html
www.guardian.co.uk/gallery/0,2759,180825,00.html