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People and Team Management

Martin Allen 21st to 23rd November 2011


People and Team Management

Housekeeping

People and Team Management


Delegate Slides

Peoplegrowers2006

People and Team Management

Introductions

Professional Information:

Which department do you work for? What do you do there?

Personal Information:

What gives you a buzz...?

What / who inspires you?

Purpose:

Why are you on this course?


What do you want to get out of it?
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People and Team Management

Agenda

Introductions
Understanding Ourselves and Others Management and Leadership Emotional Intelligence Team Building Goal and Objective Setting Customer and Stakeholder Management


People and Team Management

Delivering Change
Delegation & Feedback Coaching

Handling Conflict
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Understanding Ourselves and Others

People and Team Management

The Iceberg Model

(1)

Do

Behaviour Personality

Are

Motivational Value System

People and Team Management

The Iceberg Model

(2)

Behaviour Non-verbal

Verbal

Knowledge Experience Attitudes Opinions Values Beliefs Personality


People and Team Management

Character

Understanding Behaviour

STIMULUS

EVENT Belief System Thoughts Feelings

RESPONSE
People and Team Management

Behaviour

REINFORCING
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Learning and Development


Unconscious Incompetence

Unconscious Competence

Conscious Incompetence

Conscious Competence

Temporary incompetence is a pre-requisite for effective development


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Effective Communication
What is Effective Communication? A two-way process to create an understanding of information or ideas in someone elses mind to influence an action or a desired outcome.
Faceto-Face Audio Written

Words

7%

20%

80%

Tone
Body Language

38%

70%

20%

Or
Getting the message across!

55%

10%

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The Communication Funnel

All that I want to say


All that I am able to say All that I do say All that my customer / member of staff expects to hear All that my customer / member of staff hears All that my customer / member of staff understands All that my customer / member of staff remembers

100% 70% 50% 10-30%

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Influencing, Inspiring and Communicating


Profiles of Preferred Thinking Styles
Visual
Code experiences in graphical form Tend to be relatively fast talkers and may be impatient when interrupted Use their hands freely to complement verbal communication Pace the floor while talking E.g. I see what you mean, looks good to me, show me more

Auditory
Interact with others through sounds, especially through words Often need to verbalise their thoughts to clarify their own ideas Strong need for working in quiet space to help as become easily distracted Tend to have a clear , resonant tonality

Kinaesthetic
Use feelings both physical and emotional to communicate Attach great importance to feelings and therefore find it difficult to make a decision based on logical reasoning Speak in slow tempo long pauses in between words E.g. I get what youre saying, I feel good about that, fill me in on the details

E.g. I hear what you say, sounds good to me, tell me more

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Emotional Intelligence

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Emotional Intelligence

Anyone can become angry thats easy. But to be angry with the right person, to the right degree, at the right time, for the right purpose, and in the right way this isnt easy.
Aristotle The Nichomachean Ethics

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What is Emotional Intelligence?


Emotional Intelligence is: The ability to recognise ones own and others emotions, understand them and make use of them in socially adaptable ways It is therefore the ability to read social cues and then to respond to them in a way that demonstrates an understanding of others perspectives

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Why Does Emotional Intelligence Matter?


Intellectual intelligence is said to contribute approximately 1-20% of the factors that determine life success. That leaves approximately 80-99% to other forces, many of which relate to how we manage our emotional intelligence.

Studies indicate that emotional intelligence is twice as important as pure cognitive or technical abilities. For success at the highest levels, in leadership positions, emotional competence accounts for virtually the entire advantage
People and Team Management

Goleman 1998
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Emotions and Their Consequences


Anger
Enthusiasm Resentment = Leaving, revenge

= Desire to perform well, persistence


= Getting even, withdrawal of effort = Staying, wanting to help = Reduced effort, withdrawing = Focus on the fear, reduced focus on other things
Robert Brinner People Management 2002

Affection
Sadness Fear

Appreciation = Increased effort, sense of belonging


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Emotional Intelligence: Golemans 5 Competencies

Step 5 Social Skills Step 5 Social Skills


Step 4 Empathy Step 4 - Empathy Step 3 Motivation Step 3 - Motivation Step 2 Regulation Self Regulation Step 2 Self Step 1 Awareness Self Awareness Step 1 Self

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Self-Awareness
Self-awareness is:

The ability to recognise and understand your moods, emotions and drivers, and appreciate their effect on others Hallmarks:

Self-confidence Realistic self-assessment Self-deprecating sense of humour

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Self-Regulation (Self-Management)
Self-Regulation (Self-Management) is:

The ability to control or redirect disruptive impulses and moods The propensity to suspend judgment: to think before acting

Hallmarks:

Trustworthiness and integrity Comfort with ambiguity Openness to change

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Motivation (1)
Motivation is:

A passion to work for reasons that go beyond money or status A propensity to pursue goals with energy and persistence

Hallmarks:

Strong drive to achieve Optimism, even in the face of failure Organisational commitment

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Motivation (2)

The Mazlow Hierarchy

SELF -ACTUALISATION Realising individual potential; winning; achieving ESTEEM NEEDS Being well regarded by other people; appreciation SOCIAL NEEDS Interaction with other people; having friends SAFETY NEEDS A sense of security; absence of fear PHYSIOLOGICAL NEEDS Warmth; shelter; food; a human be ings animal needs

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Motivation (3) Hertzbergs Theory

BRAKES (Hygiene Factors)


ACCELERATORS (Satisfiers)

Poor Working Conditions Lack of Skills Low Basic Pay

Recognise Achievements Delegate Responsibility Develop Skills

Inappropriate Supervision
Cumbersome Processes

Provide Challenge
Enable Participation

Remove the Brakes Hit the Accelerator


Create Owners not Victims
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Empathy
Empathy is:

The ability to understand other peoples emotional make-up Skill in treating people according to their emotional reactions Hallmarks:

Expertise in building and retaining talent Cross-cultural sensitivity Service to clients and customers

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Social Skill (Relationship Management)


Social Skill (Relationship Management) is:

Proficiency in managing relationships and building networks An ability to find common ground and build rapport Hallmarks:

Effectiveness in leading change Persuasiveness Expertise in building and leading teams

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Management Styles and

Organisational Climate

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Leadership v Management
Leader: I can see all the mountains

Manager: I can see the mountain

Even Leaders on the same level as Managers strive to ensure that they can see beyond the mountain. What can you see?

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Management Styles
Coercive Authoritative Affiliative Democratic Pacesetting

Coaching
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Coercive
The Coercive Management Style:

Ensures immediate compliance Provides clear directives without soliciting input or listening to reactions Close monitoring, corrective/negative feedback, outlines consequences Is most effective in crises; when rules must be followed to avoid danger; with problem employees Is least effective with self-motivated, talented employees
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Authoritative
The Authoritative Management Style:

Provides long-term direction and vision Articulates a clear vision and expected behaviour but employees are listened to Explains whys Sets standards and controls with Motivational and Developmental Feedback Is most effective when new vision to be communicated; with new workgroups; when manager is expert

Is least effective with experienced employees and with teams who can self-manage
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People and Team Management

Affiliative
The Affiliative Management Style:

Creates harmony and promotes friendly interactions

Demotes tasks, directions and goals behind emotional needs


Accounts for needs of whole person Uses positive feedback positively. Avoids conflict Is most effective when tasks are routine; when employees effectiveness is affecting work; with diverse groups Is least effective when constructive feedback needed; with task-focused employees
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Democratic
The Democratic Management Style:

Builds commitment and ensures employees fully participate in direction of team Relies on consensus in decision-making. Many meetings Involves the manager listening and rewarding group performance Is most effective with knowledgeable employees; when there is ample time; common interests and goals Is least effective when there is risk that ideas are not acceptable to manager; when employees are not skilled in democratic decision-making
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Pacesetting
The Pacesetting Management Style:

Accomplishes tasks to high standards Leads by example. Anticipates others will watch and understand Delegates to top performers and tightly controls poor performers

Rewards individual performance


Is most effective with independent employees; when manager also a pair of hands; with poor performers who will leave

Is least effective with employees who need to develop through feedback; unclear direction
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People and Team Management

Coaching
The Coaching Management Style:

Professional develops employees Helps identify goals, strengths, weaknesses Encourages self-reliant problem-solving Has a developmental culture Is most effective with employees interested in developing career; encourages initiative Is least effective with new employees; when direction needed
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Climate Factors

Flexibility

Responsibility
Standards Reward and Recognition Clarity Team Commitment
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Climate Factors
Flexibility

How easy is it to get new ideas introduced into the organisation? To what extent are we constrained by procedure and rules?

Responsibility

Do people feel their role is integral to the organisations success or failure?


Do we care?

Standards

Are we working to achieve well defined targets, goals and personal standards?
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Climate Factors
Reward and Recognition

Is this a well done! sort of place or a blame culture intent on punishing the guilty?

Clarity

Do people know what theyre doing and why theyre doing it?
Do we understand the corporate vision and ambition?

Team Commitment

Is this a place where people genuinely feel success can only be achieved by everyone pulling together or do we prefer to rely on our own personal performance as the only way forward?
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People and Team Management

Linking Management Style to Climate


Climate Factors
Flexibility Responsibility Standards Reward & Recognition Clarity Team Commitment

Management Style

Co-ercive

Authoritative

Affiliative

Democratic

Pacesetting

Coaching

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Linking Management Style to Climate


Climate Factors
Flexibility Responsibility Standards Reward & Recognition Clarity Team Commitment

Management Style

Co-ercive Authoritative Affiliative Democratic Pacesetting Coaching


With a Good team

Short Long term term


Short Long term term

Task Long term

Short term Short term Long term

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Transactional Analysis

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Transactional Analysis
Whenever you communicate you are entering into a transaction Transactional Analysis is a pragmatic way to categorise and understand these interactions It provides a tool to keep transactions, or communications, on a productive track

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Transactional Analysis
Sets Limits Makes Judgements Gives Permission Takes Care

PARENT

Collects Data Computes Estimates probabilities Makes rational decisions


Responds emotionally Fun, creative Is spontaneous Adapts to authority

ADULT

CHILD

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Recognising Ego States at Work

Why might team members, peers or bosses react in a Parent / Adult / Child way? Reasons could include:

Pressure of work Personal pressures: relationship, financial, domestic Health issues: temporary or diagnosed Previous interactions: the legacy of a good / bad interaction Preferred (Instinctive) Management Style Managed (Deliberate) Management Style
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People and Team Management

The Rapport Model


TRUE RAPPORT EMOTIONS AND FEELINGS

Where the relationship starts to take on more of a personal feel

BELIEFS AND VALUES


INFORMATION AND FACTS RITUAL AND CLICHE

Ritual and Clich

Formal greetings and How are you?

Information and Facts What we know about the situation Beliefs and Values The standards by which we live

Emotions and Feelings How we react to a situation True Rapport When our clients / staff fully trust us always to do the best for them and when they automatically turn to us first for advice and guidance
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People and Team Management

The Communications Model

25%
50% 25%

Generally we have:
25% of our contacts for whom progress up the scale beyond Information and Facts is impossible 50% of our contacts for whom some progress is possible 25% of our contacts who are already at True Rapport or progressing towards it and our challenge is to increase this final 25% towhatever.
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Team Building

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The Stages of Team Building

Forming

Storming
Norming

Performing
Dorming Mourning Disbanding / Adjourning
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People and Team Management

Team Development Process


Performance Levels

FORM

STORM
Emotive Volatile

NORM / RE-FORM
Relationships Rebuilt Listening Better

PERFORM
Clear Direction Common Goals Success Creativity High Energy

Working Out Autocratic / Acquiescent Hidden Feelings Poor Listening Bureaucratic Submissive Attention Inward

Rebellious Confusion Boundaries Pushed Insecurity Assertiveness Grows Boundaries Established Objectivity Adult Behaviours

Flexibility Commitment Pride & Team Spirit


Time

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Goal and Objective Setting

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Performance Management

Goal Setting:

Strategic Goals

Long term goals

Goals

Tactical Objectives

Bite -size chunks and responsibilities

Objectives

Operational Objectives

Daily & weekly targets

Tasks

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Objectives
Objectives must be SMART or even SMARTER
S M A R T E R
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Specific Measurable Achievable / Attainable Relevant / Realistic / Reasonable Time-related

Exciting / Enjoyable / Entertaining Recorded


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Types of Objectives
Quantitative
Numbers Dates

Qualitative
Reaction of Customers Satisfaction Procedural Judgement

Degree of Fit
Behaviour
Appearances Presence Demonstrate by Example Style Compliance

Volumes
Turnaround times Accuracy rates Error rates Proportion of Time Budget Expenditure

Professional Standard

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Defining Objectives
Success Criteria
We are succeeding if
What does Success look / feel like? What will be happening if we are achieving / exceeding our objectives?

Shortfall Criteria
We are not succeeding if

What does shortfall look / feel like?


What will be happening (or will not be happening!) if we are missing our objectives?

Always use absolute measures no ambiguity Do not use measures which compare with other teams Use measures that are fair and are seen to be fair
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Managing Performance Standards

Managers must monitor performance against company STANDARDS


If a team member fails to meet the Standards a Manager will consider:

Training or Coaching
Is performance is due to lack of competence? Is additional training or coaching required?

Counselling
Is poor performance is due to emotional problems E.g. lack of motivation, personal problems etc.?

Disciplinary action
Is poor performance is due to misconduct?

It is essential that feedback is regularly given to all team members


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Performance Appraisal

Revise Objectives

Set / Agree Objectives

Observe Performance

Continuous Feedback & Coaching

Review Against Objectives

Performance Management is a continuous process throughout and not just confined to the formal sign-off meeting. There should never be any surprises at any appraisal meeting
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Performance Discussions
SET THE SCENE Give specific facts Ask open questions Listen have empathy Both parties put forward solutions Obtain buy in, set objectives Agree date

GAIN INVOLVEMENT FIND OUT CAUSE


DISCUSS SOLUTIONS ACTION PLAN FOLLOW-UP
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Customer / Stakeholder

Management

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People and The Service Profit Chain


Return on Capital Employed (ROCE) Operating Profit Margin (OPM)

Good Customer Management

High (Right) Customer Retention

High Customer Satisfaction

Good Employee Management


High Employee Skill & Motivation
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Satisfying Customers
Implicit

Explicit

Attractive

Unquestioned by the customer Assumed to be present by the customer Maintenance level of service Things you should always do

Precisely expressed by the customer no ambiguity Specifically requested by the customer Specific level of service Things you should do to deliver against specific requirements

Appealing and interesting to the customer Accepted by the customer if presented Extended level of service Things you should do to take service levels further
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People and Team Management

Satisfying Customers
Degree of satisfaction

Explicit

Attractive
Level of quality

--

++

Golden Rule
Implicit

Adapted from: Kano, N. (1984), Attractive quality and must-be quality, The Journal of the Japanese Society for Quality Control, April, pp. 39-48 People and Team Management

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Stakeholder Map

B
Clients
Legend: A Normal

Boss

YOU

Stakeholder

C D

B Good (2 way) C Over-committed D Conflict E Hidden conflict

Others

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Delivering Change

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Delivering Great Change

A =

Quality of the change


Acceptance of the change Effectiveness of implementation
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The Challenge of Change

At every crossroads on the path

that leads to the future, tradition has placed 10,000 men to guard the past

Maeterlinck

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The 9 Change Principles

Compelling Reason to Change

The need for change must be understood by all those impacted so that the status quo is not seen as the best option

Clear Vision and Objectives for Change

To capture interest and support, those effected by change need to know the objectives and the advantages of achieving them

Context for Change

To understand fully the context the change is taking place in and ensure all elements are considered to ensure its long-term sustainability and success
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People and Team Management

The 9 Change Principles

Momentum

To ensure momentum is created and maintained throughout the projects lifecycle to keep energy and focus high to contribute to delivering great change

Stakeholder Engagement

Key stakeholders need to be identified and their support secured through communication and engagement

Alignment

Ensuring that the operational and organisational frameworks and processes which support the planned change are carefully considered and aligned e.g. training, reward, facilities etc
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People and Team Management

The 9 Change Principles

Embedding Change

To ensure the change delivers its true business value in the shortest possible time by becoming part of the way we work

Great Sponsorship

The right sponsor plays a critical role in the success of change initiatives

Emotional Responses to Change

To understand and appreciate the emotional responses to change and to support and lead people through these to lessen the negative impacts on both staff and performance
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People and Team Management

Context for Change


The Change Kaleidoscope
Stakeholders

Readiness

Time

Capacity

Continuity

CHANGE CONTEXT
Customer Scope

Risk Capability Complexity

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Resistance to Change

The main reasons for resisting change are:


Fear:
Of

Energy involved to change Change fatigue Threat to


Competence Credibility

the unknown job security increased workload

About Of

New

skills required

Failure Of

loss of: Power Friends Working environment or conditions

Inertia (no sense of urgency) Dont believe its the right solution Lack of trust or legitimacy in project team Not allowed to participate Timing Stress

Seen change efforts fail in the past Priorities Unclear or badly communicated vision
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Imposed change
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Benefits of Resistance

Potentially a better outcome:

People who resist may be highlighting things that have been missed in the planning, particularly around the details Resistance is a critical source of innovation and can allow more possibilities to be considered and evaluated

When people resist change at least there is some energy involved. Surely apathy would be worse?

Resistance is what keeps us from attaching ourselves to every bonehead idea that comes along Maurer 1996
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Delegation

The best Managers / Leaders have sense enough to pick good people to do what needs to be done and the self-restraint to keep from meddling with them

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Delegation and Conflict


Its important to delegate outcomes rather than tasks. Ask: What will the end-result be? Delegating tasks leads to Unwarranted Disagreement

Disagreement on tasks / methods

Delegating outcomes leads to Warranted Disagreement

Disagreement on outcomes

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Delegation and Stretch


Delegation goes from Comfort to Stretch but may create panic

COMFORT

STRETCH

PANIC

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Delegation Exercise
Group 1:

As a Manager or Team Leader: what are the main reasons for delegating?

Group 2:

How might delegation create difficult situations?

Group 3:

What are the consequences of bad delegation?

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Delegation Exercise Debrief (1)


The main reasons for delegating are:

To allow the Manager or Team Leader to concentrate on the need-to-do things: removing non-essential (for them) workload To develop the staff: giving them new and enhanced skills To create a contingency and succession plan so that all absences planned / unplanned have little or no impact on the smooth running of the team

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Delegation Exercise Debrief (2)


Delegation might create difficult situations by:

Delegating to the wrong people: those unable to absorb the extra work Delegating at the wrong time: when everyone is fully occupied or deadlines are too short Delegating inappropriately: where a piece of work belongs to one person and no explanation is given Delegating work that should not be delegated: personal tasks; performance management; confidential information

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Delegation Exercise Debrief


The consequences of bad delegation could be:

(3)

A perception of passing the buck A lack of clarity and a consequent lack of motivation The creation of unnecessary time pressures Frustration through allocating the wrong task to the person with the wrong skill-set Unnecessary increase in workload for certain people

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Delegation Summary

Delegation must go alongside planning:


The lack of planning on your part does not constitute a reason for passing me an emergency!

The stages of Delegation are:


NO GO SHOW ME THEN GO GO BUT LET ME KNOW GO

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Feedback

Giving and receiving feedback is one of an organisational leaders most important responsibilities. Teams and individuals need to be kept constantly aware of where they are in relationship to their agreed targets and goals if they are to make consistent progress
Weinholtz and Edwards
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Feedback Do and Dont


Planning Feedback Do:
Concentrate on AID: Action Impact Do

When giving Feedback Do Not:


Make judgements state specific facts Reel off endless lists Give developmental feedback in public

Be specific Consider the venue Privacy Timing Listen actively Achieve Buy-in

Focus on the individual focus instead on performance


Make the other person feel threatened or defensive

Action Plan & Follow up


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Nature of Feedback: Johari Window


Feedback Disclosure

Open everyone knows

Blind everyone knows but me!

Concealed I know: you dont!


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Unknown nobody knows


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Coaching

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What is Coaching ?
Coaching is helping someone move from where they are to where they want to be...... ......and to do this more quickly and effectively than if they acted alone.

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The Skill / Will Model


WILL Desire to Achieve Incentive Security Confidence

GUIDE HIGH WILL

EMPOWER

SKILL DIRECT LOW WILL EXCITE Training Role Perception Understanding Experience

LOW SKILL

HIGH SKILL

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The House of Change

CONTENTMENT AND COMPLACENCY

RENEWAL AND REVITALISATION

DENIAL, EXCUSES AND DENIGRATION

CHAOS AND CONFUSION

DARK SIDE Cannot be coached their attitude is poor

BRIGHT SIDE Can be coached they want to improve

DARK SIDE
Contentment and Complacency = Comfort Zone Denial, Excuses and Denigration = Resistance Coaching is very difficult in these rooms
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BRIGHT SIDE
Chaos and Confusion = Will but no Skill Renewal and Revitalisation = Delegate to them Coaching is easier: they want to improve
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The challenge is to move staff from the Dark Side to the Bright Side

Using the GROW Model

GOAL
Agree topic for discussion Agree specific objective of session Set long-term aim, if appropriate

REALITY
Invite selfassessment Offer specific examples of feedback Avoid or check assumptions

OPTIONS
Cover full range of options Invite suggestions from learner Offer suggestions carefully Ensure choices are made

Will
Commit to action Identify possible obstacles Make steps specific & define timing Agree support

Parameters Where we need to be


Where are we going?
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Current situation & Assessment of needs


Where are we now?

How we could Move forward


How do we get there?

Action and dual commitment

86 How do we measure progress?


8

Aggressive / Assertive / Passive

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Handling a Developing Situation

Situation + Behaviour = Outcome

Situation + (Appropriate) Behaviour = (Desired) Outcome

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Aggressive
Im OK I win

Youre not OK You lose

Expressing feelings / opinions in threatening, punishing or put down way Disregarding others rights and needs Aiming to get your own way no matter what Creating bad feeling making future relationships difficult

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Submissive (Passive)
Im not OK I lose Youre OK You win

Not standing up for our rights Allowing others to take advantage Avoiding the responsibility of making decisions Losing control; feeling a helpless victim of unfairness and injustice Manipulating others to get what we want; playing games; making others feel guilty

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Assertive
Im OK I win

Youre OK You win

Recognising our own needs and rights


Relating to people openly and honestly Communicating directly Taking responsibility for our actions Being in control of what we say and do Being prepared to reach a compromise Resolving differences positively
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People and Team Management

Advantages of Assertive Behaviour


Closer working relationships Greater confidence in yourself and in others Increased self-responsibility and self-control

Savings in time and energy


An increased chance of everyone winning

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Managing and Resolving Conflict

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Conflict

Conflict is: Any situation in which your concerns or desires differ from those of another person

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Phases to Managing Conflict


Causes and Strategies

1.

Understand
conflict
Conflict Resolution Process Interpersonal Zones and Level of Awareness

3. Bridge the gap

2. Understand yourself and others

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Understanding Conflict
Principal causes of conflict at work are:

Misunderstandings Personality clashes Differences in goals Substandard performance Differences over methods to be used Problems relating to areas of responsibility

Lack of co-operation Problems with areas of authority Frustration Competition for limited resources Non-compliance with rules and policies

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The Five Conflict-Handling Modes

From Thomas-Kilmann Conflict Mode Instrument by K. W. Thomas and R. H. Kilmann, 1974, 2000. Palo Alto, CA: Xicom, Incorporated, subsidiary of CPP, Inc. Copyright 1974, 2000 by CPP, Inc. Used with permission.

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Competing
My way or the highway

Taking quick action Making unpopular decisions Standing up for vital issues Protecting yourself

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Accommodating
It would be my pleasure

Showing reasonableness Developing performance Creating goodwill Keeping the peace Retreating Maintaining perspective

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Avoiding
Ill think about it tomorrow

Leaving unimportant issues alone Reducing tensions Buying time Knowing your limitations

Allowing others ownership


Recognising issues as symptoms

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Collaborating
Two heads are better than one

Integrating solutions Learning

Merging perspectives
Gaining commitment Improving relationships

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Compromising
Lets make a deal

Resolving issues of moderate importance

Reaching resolution with equal power and strong commitment


Creating temporary solutions Dealing with time constraints Backing up competing/ collaborating

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Bridging the Gap


Competing: might makes right
Does not achieve mutual gain WIN LOSE

Accommodating: kill your enemies with kindness

1.

LOSE WIN

Does not achieve mutual gain LOSE LOSE

Avoiding: leave well alone


Does not achieve mutual gain

Compromising: split the difference

WEAK WIN WEAK WIN

Often not sustainable; conflict may resurface later

Collaborating: two heads are better than one

WIN WIN

May not work because of history of the relationship between the two parties OR lack of faith in the ability to solve the problem
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People and Team Management


Thank you and good luck!

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