SUSUNAN SARAF PUSAT (Central Nervous System)

H. AQSA SJUHADA
Building DR-G, Room G-101 Graduate School of Medicine Dept of Physiology, Airlangga University Tel. (031) 71200 999 E-mail. draqsas@yahoo.ca

Sistem Saraf
Saraf Tepi
- Nn. Cranialis - Nn. Spinalis - Saraf otonomik - simpatis & - parasimpatis

Saraf Pusat
Otak & Medulla spinalis

NEURON
= Sel saraf

Central Nervous System

Fungsi :
-Pusat regulasi /pengendalian semua sistem di tubuh (sistem kendali utama) -Pusat pengambilan keputusan -Pusat Memori -Pusat behavior

Sel fungsional :

Neuron
Sel penunjang :

( sel saraf )

Neuroglia

Characteristic excitability tissue

Rangsangan
Potensial aksi

Neurolemma = membran sel neuron

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+30 mV

repolarization

- 0 mV
depolarization Firing level

- 55 mV

- 70 mV

Action potential
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MENINGS
Selubung otak & medulla spinalis
Fungsi : PROTEKSI

Duramater : paling luar

Arachnoid
Piamater : menempel pada jaringan otak
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Liquor cerebro spinalis

Produksi oleh :

Plexus Choroideus
Reabsorbsi di Villi

SUBARACHNOID SPACE
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Blood Brain barrier

Dibentuk oleh :

Capillary endothel

Astrocyte ( neuroglia )
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Kapiller di jaringan lain

Kapiller di otak

pore

eritrosit

Endothel

kapiller

Tonjolan protoplasma astrocyte

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Mekanisme kerja sistem saraf :

Sistem REFLEX
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Reflex
RGS
Afferent

Saraf Pusat

RECEPTOR
EFFERENT

muscle

EFFECTOR

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Reflex arc
Receptor Afferent

= busur reflex

Central Efferent

Effector
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Reflex
Physiology Patology

Somatic

Autonomic Polysynaptic
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Monosynaptic

Receptor
Selective Transduction

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Reflex MONOSINAP

Stretch reflex
Contoh :

Patella reflex Achilles reflex Masseter reflex

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Withdrawal reflex
Receptor : nociceptor Contoh : flexor reflex, flexor & cross extensor reflex, stepping reflex, run reflex etc.
Effector : ?
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Contoh Withdrawal reflex

extension Flexion

Reflex jalan / lari

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SINAP (synapse)
Hubungan neuron dengan : Neuron berikutnya Sel otot (muscle fiber) Sel kelenjar (glands)

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SINAP (synapse)

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How about : IPSP & EPSP

IPSP
: inhibitory post synaptic potential

Sinap yang bersifat inhibisi Apabila yang terbuka adalah

saluran ion

K+

atau

Cl

EPSP

: excitatory post synaptic potential

Sinap yang bersifat eksitasi

Apabila saluran

Na+ yang terbuka

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How does the role of Calsium

Action potential
Open voltage gate Ca++ channels

Influx Ca ions
Docking & exocytosis of

neurotransmitters
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Somatic motor system

Motor movement
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Somatic motor system

2 system transmission

Pyramidal

Extra pyramidal

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Regulation Center of Motor Movement - Gyrus precentralis

- Basal ganglia

- Area premotor
- Brain stem - Motorneuron

cerebellum

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Organization of somatic motor system Gyrus precentrali s

Area premotor

Basal ganglia

Brain stem

Cerebellum

Ant. motorneuron

Medulla spinalis
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Regulation center of

Pyramidal system
Gyrus precentralis

synonyms

Area Brodmann 4
Primary motor cortex

Kortex motorik utama

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Tractus Pyramidalis
Betz pyramidal cells in gyrus precentralis lateralis ventralis

Anterior motorneuron
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Regulation center of

Extra Pyramidal system

Basal ganglia
Area premotor cortex cer.

Brain stem
Nuclei vestibularis Red nuclei ( Nucl.Rubra )
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Primary motor cortex

Tr.corticospinalis
Corticorubral tract

Nucleus rubra

Rubrospinal tract

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Basal Ganglia
Nucleus caudatus Putamen Globus pallidus Substansita nigra Nucleus subthalamicus Luys
Corpus striatum : nucleus caudatus & putamen
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Cerebellum
Coordination Muscle contraction

Control of Equilibrium & Muscle tone

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Lesi upper motor neuron = Lesi pyramidal

Paralise

hemiphlegi

Reflex patologis + Reflex fisiologis + Spastik

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Lesi lower motor neuron

Causa : poliomyelitis fraktur vertebra

Paralise

lemas

Reflex patologis Reflex fisiologis Atropi otot

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The Autonomic Nervous System

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Basic Structure of a Somatic Reflex

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Basic Structure of a Visceral Reflex

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Anatomy of the Motor Output in Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Nerves

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Motor Neuron Pathways compared: Autonomic vs. Somatic

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ANS Innervation of visceral organs

What is the origin of Parasympathetic nerves? Sympathetic nerves? Name the neurotransmitter released at autonomic ganglia.

Name the neurotransmitter released from Parasympathetic nerves at effectors.from Sympathetic nerves at effectors.
Does the adrenal medulla receive dual innervation? Explain.

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Integration of the Nervous & Endocrine Systems During Stress

Describe the actions of the hormones listed in this figure.

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Terima kasih

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Wassalam