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ANEMIA
A rare and serious blood disorder in which bone marrow stops making
enough new blood cells. aplastic anemia, normal production of all blood
cells—red cells, white cells, and platelets—slows or stops. This is because
the stem cells have been damaged. The cause of this damage is often
unknown.
LEUKOPENIA
BLEEDING THROMBOCYTOPENIA
TENDENCY AEB
ECCHYMOSIS,
DECREASE IN FORMATION OF RBC
PURPURA,
PETICHIAE,
BLEEDING FROM NOSE,
MOUTH, PALLOR OF SKIN & MUCOUS
VAGINA, RECTUM MEMBRANE, CYANOSIS
PANCYTOPENIA
APLASTIC ANEMIA
Clinical features of Aplastic Anemia
1. Anemia result in pallor ,easy fatigability ,weakness and loss of
appetite
2. Thrombocytopenia leads to petechiae ,easy bruising ,severe
nosebleeds and bleeding into the GIT and renal tract
3. Leukopenia leads to increased susceptibility to infections and oral
ulcer that response poorly to antibiotic therapy.
4. Hepatosplenomegaly and lympadenopathy do not occur ; their
presence suggest underlying leukemia
5. Hyperplastic gingivitis is also a symptom of aplastic anemia
6. Special features ;
I. Skin ; Hyperpigmentation, café –au-lait spots,erythematous
rash
II. Head ;Microcephaly ,micro-ophthalmia
III. Mouth ; cleft lip,leukoplakia
IV. General : small stature
Nursing care is based on carefull assessment and mngt. Of the
complication of pancytopenia
FATIGUE
Medical management
1. Blood transfusion: key to therapy until client’s own marrow begins to
produce blood cells
4. Drug therapy
Precautions:
increase the chance of getting other infections
fever, chills and shakes within a few hours after the first dose.