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Establishing Serial
PointtoPoint
Connections
© 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. 121
© 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICNDv 1.0a—122
Objectives
Upon completion of this chapter, you will be
able to perform the following tasks:
• Configure HDLC and PPP protocols on a
serial WAN connection
• Configure PAP and CHAP authentication on a
PPP connection
• Verify proper pointtopoint HDLC and PPP
configuration
Service
Provider
• WANs connect sites
• Connection requirements vary depending on
user requirements and cost
© 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICNDv 1.0a—124
WAN Connection Types:
Layer 1
Synchronous serial
Leased Line
Asynchronous serial,
ISDN Layer 1
Telephone
Circuitswitched Company
Synchronous serial
Packetswitched Service
Provider
S S S S CO Switch
Local Loop
S S S
Demarcation
Trunks and switches
Customer Premises
Equipment
Pointtopoint or
circuitswitched
connection
Provider assigns connection parameters to
subscriber
© 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICNDv 1.0a—126
Serial PointtoPoint
Connections
Router connections
End user
device
DTE
CSU/
DSU
DCE
Service
Provider
EIA/TIA232 EIA/TIA449 V.35 X.21 EIA530
Network connections at the CSU/DSU
© 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICNDv 1.0a—127
Typical WAN Encapsulation
Protocols: Layer 2
HDLC, PPP, SLIP
Leased Line
X.25, Frame Relay, ATM
Packetswitched Service
Provider
PPP, SLIP, HDLC
Circuitswitched Telephone
Company
Cisco HDLC
Flag Address Control Proprietary Data FCS Flag
• Cisco’s HDLC has a proprietary data field to support
multiprotocol environments
HDLC
Flag Address Control Data FCS Flag
• Supports only single protocol environments
Router(configif)#encapsulation hdlc
• Enable hdlc encapsulation
• HDLC is the default encapsulation on
synchronous serial interfaces
TCP/IP PPP Encapsulation
Novell IPX
AppleTalk
Link setup and control
using LCP in PPP
• PPP can carry packets from several protocol suites
using Network Control Programs
• PPP controls the setup of several link options using
LCP
© 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICNDv 1.0a—1211
Layering PPP Elements
IP IPX Layer 3 Protocols
Synchronous or Asynchronous Physical
Physical Media Layer
PPP—A data link with networklayer services
© 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICNDv 1.0a—1212
PPP LCP Configuration Options
Require a password PAP
Authentication
Perform Challenge Handshake CHAP
Compress data at source; Stacker or
Compression reproduce data at Predictor
destination
Error Monitor data dropped on link Quality
Detection
Avoid frame looping Magic Number
Dialup or
CircuitSwitched
Network
PPP Session Establishment
1 Link Establishment Phase
2 Optional Authentication Phase
3 NetworkLayer Protocol Phase
Two PPP authentication protocols:
PAP and CHAP
Accept/Reject
Hostname: santacruz username santacruz
Password: boardwalk password boardwalk
• Passwords sent in clear text
• Peer in control of attempts
© 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICNDv 1.0a—1215
Selecting a PPP Authentication
Protocol (cont.)
CHAP
Remote Router CentralSite Router
(SantaCruz) 3Way Handshake (HQ)
Challenge
Response
Hostname: santacruz
Accept/Reject username santacruz
Password: boardwalk password boardwalk
Use “secret” known only to authenticator
and peer
Authenticating Router Router to Be
(The router that received the call.) Authenticated
(The router that initiated the call.)
Enabling PPP Enabling PPP
ppp encapsulation
Enabling PPP Authentication ppp encapsulation
Enabling PPP Authentication
hostname
username / password hostname
ppp authentication username / password
ppp authentication
© 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICNDv 1.0a—1217
Configuring PPP
Router(configif)#encapsulation ppp
• Enable PPP encapsulation
Router(config)#hostname name
• Assigns a host name to your router
Router(config)#username name password password
• Identifies the username and password of
authenticating router
Router(configif)#ppp authentication
{chap | chap pap | pap chap | pap}
• Enables PAP and/or CHAP authentication
Left Right
PSTN/ISDN
router router
hostname left hostname right
username right password sameone username left password sameone
! !
int serial 0 int serial 0
ip address 10.0.1.1 255.255.255.0 ip address 10.0.1.2 255.255.255.0
encapsulation ppp encapsulation ppp
ppp authentication CHAP ppp authentication CHAP
© 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICNDv 1.0a—1222
Verifying PPP Authentication with the
debug ppp authentication Command
4d20h: %LINK3UPDOWN: Interface Serial0, changed state to up
4d20h: Se0 PPP: Treating connection as a dedicated line
4d20h: Se0 PPP: Phase is AUTHENTICATING, by both
4d20h: Se0 CHAP: O CHALLENGE id 2 len 28 from ”left"
4d20h: Se0 CHAP: I CHALLENGE id 3 len 28 from ”right"
4d20h: Se0 CHAP: O RESPONSE id 3 len 28 from ”left"
4d20h: Se0 CHAP: I RESPONSE id 2 len 28 from ”right"
4d20h: Se0 CHAP: O SUCCESS id 2 len 4
4d20h: Se0 CHAP: I SUCCESS id 3 len 4
4d20h: %LINEPROTO5UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0,
changed state to up
debug ppp authentication successful CHAP output
© 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICNDv 1.0a—1223
Visual Objective
wg_pc_a
10.2.2.12 pod ro’s s0
A 10.140.1.2
e0/1 e0/2 e0 B 10.140.2.2
wg_ro_a
10.2.2.3 C 10.140.3.2
s0
wg_sw_a 10.140.1.2
D 10.140.4.2
10.2.2.11 E 10.140.5.2
PPP with CHAP F 10.140.6.2
G 10.140.7.2
wg_pc_l H 10.140.8.2
10.13.13.12
I 10.140.9.2
wg_ro_l
PPP with CHAP J 10.140.10.2
e0/1
e0/2 e0 s0 LL K 10.140.11.2
10.13.13.3 10.140.12.2 L 10.140.12.2
wg_sw_l
10.13.13.11
s1/0 s2/3
... 10.140.1.1 … 10.140.12.1
fa0/24 fa0/23 fa0/0
core_ server
core_sw_a core_ro
10.1.1.1 10.1.1.2 10.1.1.3
After completing this chapter, you should be
able to perform the following tasks:
• Select an appropriate WAN connection
based on your requirements
• Configure HDLC and PPP encapsulation
methods on your pointtopoint WAN
connection
• Configure CHAP authentication on a PPP
connection
1. What are three types of WAN connections
you can enable on a Cisco router?
2. What are two examples of pointtopoint
encapsulation protocols and what are the
advantages of each?
3. What are some of the PPP LCP options?
Upon completion of this chapter, you will
be able to perform the following tasks:
Describe the components that make up ISDN
connectivity
Configure ISDN BRI and legacy dialon
demand routing (DDR)
Verify DDR operation
Small office
Digital
PBX
Provider Telecommuter
network
Home office
Central site
Voice, data, video, and special services
Telephone E.163—International Telephone
Network and ESeries Numbering Plan
ISDN E.164—International ISDN Addressing
ISDN Concepts, I.100 Series—Concepts, Structures,
ISeries Terminology
Aspects, and
I.400—UserNetwork Interfaces (UNIs)
Interfaces
Q.921—LAPD (Link Access Procedure
Switching and QSeries on the D channel)
Signaling Q.931—ISDN Network Layer between
Terminal and Switch
Standards from the ITU (formerly CCITT)
© 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICNDv 1.0a—1230
ISDN Access Options
Channel Capacity Mostly Used for
B 64 kbps Circuitswitched data (HDLC, PPP)
D 16/64 kbps Signaling information (LAPD)
NT1
BRI
Service
D 2B provider
network
PRI CSU/DSU
D 23 or 30B
BRI and PRI are used globally for ISDN
© 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICNDv 1.0a—1231
BRI Call Processing
ISDN
1 service provider 3
4
ISDN ISDN
Switch Switch
2 SS7
B channel(s)
D channel/SS7 signaling
TE2 R TA
Functions are devices or
Terminal
Existing
hardware
Adapter
Terminal
Reference points are
demarcations or interfaces
bri 0
R S/T
TE1 U TE2 TA NT1
S0
NT1 Nonnative ISDN interface—int serial 0
(EIA/TIA232, V.35, X.21)
S S S S
S S S S S
CO S S S S CO
Many providers and switch types
Services vary by regions and countries
Step 1: Specify the ISDN switch type
Router(config)#isdn switchtype switchtype
Router(configif)#isdn switchtype switchtype
Specifies the type of ISDN switch with
which the router communicates
Other configuration requirements vary for
specific providers
Step 2: (Optional) Setting SPIDs
Router(configif)#isdn spid1 spidnumber [ ldn ]
Sets a B channel SPID required by many service
providers
Router(configif)#isdn spid2 spidnumber [ ldn ]
Sets a SPID for the second B channel
BRI 0
S 0
Label the functional elements and reference points
© 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICNDv 1.0a—1238
Written Exercise: Answers
S/T NT1 U
BRI 0
U
R TA S/T NT1
S 0
Label the functional elements and reference points
© 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICNDv 1.0a—1239
What Is DialonDemand
Routing?
Corporate Dallas
PSTN
Chicago
ISDN
I need to send
data to Dallas.
Connect when needed
Disconnect when finished
ISDN or PSTN
© 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICNDv 1.0a—1240
When to Use DDR
Telecommuter
Headquarters
Vendor
Periodic connections
Small amounts of data
DCE
1. Route to destination is determined
DCE
1. Route to destination is determined
2. Interesting packets dictate DDR call
DCE ISDN or
Basic
Service
1. Route to destination is determined
2. Interesting packets dictate DDR call
3. Dialer information is looked up
DCE ISDN or
Basic
Service
1. Route to destination is determined
2. Interesting packets dictate DDR call
3. Dialer information is looked up
4. Traffic is transmitted
5. Call is terminated
© 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICNDv 1.0a—1245
Configuring Legacy DDR
“Interesting”
packet arrives
DCE
1 Define static routes—What route do I use?
DCE
1 Define static routes—What route do I use?
2 Specify interesting traffic—What traffic
enables the link?
DCE ISDN or
Basic
Service
1 Define static routes—What route do I use?
2 Specify interesting traffic—What traffic
enables the link?
3 Configure the dialer information—What
number do I call?
© 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICNDv 1.0a—1248
Task 1: Defining Static Routes
(Route to Destination)
ip route 10.40.0.0 255.255.0.0 10.1.0.1
Specify address of
next hop router
ip route 10.10.0.0 255.255.0.0 10.1.0.2
ip route 10.20.0.0 255.255.0.0 10.1.0.2
Network prefix
and prefix mask
© 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. www.cisco.com ICNDv 1.0a—1249
Task 2: Specifying Interesting Traffic
(What Enables the Connection?)
• Without Access Lists
dialerlist 1 protocol ip permit
Any IP traffic will initiate the link
• With Access Lists (for better control)
dialerlist 1 protocol ip list 101
accesslist 101 deny tcp any any eq ftp Deny FTP
accesslist 101 deny tcp any any eq telnet Deny Telnet
accesslist 101 permit ip any any
Any IP traffic, except FTP and Telnet, will initiate the link
Applies rules
hostname Home
!
defined by dialerlist
isdn switch-type basic-5ess
!
to individual
username central password cisco
interface BRI0
interfaces
ip address 10.1.0.1 255.255.255.0
encapsulation ppp
dialer idle-timeout 180
dialer map ip 10.1.0.2 name Central 5552000
dialer-group 1
no fair-queue
ppp authentication chap
!
router rip
network 10.0.0.0 Both values
!
no ip classless must match
ip route 10.10.0.0 255.255.0.0 10.1.0.2
ip route 10.20.0.0 255.255.0.0 10.1.0.2
!
dialer-list 1 protocol ip permit
interface BRI0
ip address 10.1.0.1 255.255.255.0
Number to dial
encapsulation ppp
dialer idle-timeout 180
dialer map ip 10.1.0.2 name Central 5552000
dialer-group 1 Remote host name
no fair-queue Used for PPP CHAP
ppp authentication chap
uter(configif)#dialer loadthreshold load
outbound | inbound | either ]
Establishes the amount of traffic on link
before a second link is enabled
uter(configif)#dialer idletimeout seconds
Establishes the idle time before disconnect
Router#show dialer
• Displays current status of link, including
amount of time link is connected
Router#show isdn active
• When using ISDN, displays call
status while call is in progress
Router#show isdn status
• Displays the status of an ISDN
connection
Router#show ip route • Displays all routes, including static
routes
Router#debug isdn q921 • Shows ISDN layer 2 messages
Router#debug isdn q931 • Shows ISDN call setup and
teardown activity
Router#debug dialer • Shows call setup and teardown
activity
Router(configif)#shutdown • Clears currently established
connections from the interface
...
s3/0 (pri)
fa0/24 fa0/23 fa0/0
10.130.1/24 … 10.185.0.1/24
core_ server
core_sw_a core_ro
10.1.1.1 10.1.1.2 10.1.1.3
After completing this chapter, you should
be able to perform the following tasks:
Identify the components in an ISDN network
Configure ISDN BRI and legacy dialon
demand routing (DDR)
Verify DDR operation using show and debug
commands
1. Differentiate between a native and a
nonnative ISDN BRI interface.
2. How do you configure a Cisco router to
interface to an ISDN switch? Why do you
need to be specific about the switch type?
3. List and describe the three tasks associated
with configuring DDR.
4. Why might you choose to use an access list
to define interesting traffic for DDR?