DESIGN OF URBAN STORM WATER DRAINAGE SYSTEMS S D Chawathe Hon.

Director (Technical) Indian Water Works Association

COEFFICIENT OF RUN OFF

As Per CPHEEO Manual Commercial Area Residential Area High density Low density Parks and Undeveloped

0.7 to 0.9 0.6 to 0.75 0.35 to 0.6 0.1 to 0.2

CPHEEO MANUAL
Type of Area Residential Peripheral Central (high value) Commercial Frequency

Twice in a year Once in a year Once in 2 years

ASCE MANUALNo 37
Type of Area Residential Frequency Once in 2 to 15 years

Commercial (High value)

Once in 10 to 15 Years

BRIMSTOWAD SAYS
NEW ANALYSIS

We have analysed the hourly data available in digital form ( for the period 1969-1979) seperately for Colaba and Santacruz to produce IntensityDurations- Frequency (IDF) relationships for durations of 1 to 48 hrs and for a range of frequencies between 1 and 50 years. We have also analysed the daily data for the period 1959-1989 for durations of 1 to 8 days. The analyses have been carried out by determining the extreme probability distribution on the annual maxima.

BRIMSTOWAD SAYS
RAINFALL ANALYSIS CHAWATHE ,1977, 5-60 min (observed) , 1940-72

CWPRS PUNE FOR CIDCO, ( Mahim creek), 1954-76

NEDECO (Mahim creek), 1 to 12 hrs , 80 years

WH + AIC, 1 to 48 hrs, 1969-1979

BRIMSTOWAD SAYS
STORM INTENSITIES FOR USE IN WALRUS MODEL
Intensity in mms/hr PERIOD 1 DURATION(hrs) 2 4

12

1 in 10 yrs 1 in 5 yrs 1 in 2 yrs

109 91.4 74

89 70.3 53.3

61.5 51 38

35.5 27.6 22.5

28 24 19.4

1 in 1 yr
2 in 1 yr

58
25

40.6
17

30.4
12

18.1
7.6

16.5
5.9

BRIMSTOWAD USES EXTREME VALUE PROBABILITY METHOD

THIS METHOD IS UNRELIABLE AND DOES NOT REFLECT THE ACTUAL FREQUENCIES OF STORMS IN THE PAST DATA.
THE METHOD OF RAINFALL ANALYSIS SUGGESTED IN THE CELEBRATED REFERENCE BOOK WATER SUPPLY AND WASTE WATER DISPOSAL BY G. M. FAIR AND J. C. GEYER IS MORE RELIABLE.

BRIMSTOWAD SAYS

To design the drainage system for 1 in 1 year storm a considerable increase in capacity is required and this results in drains of substantially larger dimensions and a large increase in the number of drains to be replaced or augmentedThere is 37 % increase in expenditure for catchment 129. This clearly indicates that designing for the increased level of service is no where justified.

BRIMSTOWAD SAYS

AS DISCUSSED THE COST OF DESIGNING FOR STORMS OF GREATER INTENSITY THAN A 2 IN 1 YEAR EVENT IS NOT JUSTIFIED. IT IS THEREFORE PROPOSED TO CONSTRUCT WORKS TO A DASIGN CAPACITY TO ONLY COPE UP WITH A 2 IN 1 YEAR EVENT.

BRIMSTOWAD DESIGNS FOR TWICE IN A YEAR STORM

BRIMSTOWAD JUSTIFIES TWICE IN A YEAR FREQUENCY FOR STORMS IN DESIGN.

26/7 EXPERIENCE HAS TAUGHT US TO REVIEW THIS ASPECT AND ADOPT FREQUENCIES SUCH AS SAY ONCE IN TEN YEARS FOR DESIGN.

BRIMSTAWAD SAYS
CRITERIA FOR LOCAL AREA DRAINAGE SYSTEM

This Report , providing proposals to Master Plan and Preliminary Engineering , does not cover the detailed investigation and proposals for local drainage systems. The proposals contained in subsequent sections are the result of analysis of the major network and give in outline the requirements to alleviate the major causes of flooding. As with any analysis on this scale , not all branches were considered.

BRIMSTOWAD SAYS

IN MANY CASES IN THE CITY AND SUBURBS,FLOODING WILL OCCUR DUE TO LOCAL DEFFICIENCIES WITHIN THE SYSTEM WHICH HAVE NOT BECOME EVIDENT DURING THE COURSE OF OUR WORK.

BRIMSTOWAD DOES NOT COVER LOCAL STORM DRAINAGE SYSTEMS

THE STORM WATER DRAINAGE SYSTEM CAN BE DIVIDED INTO TWO SUBSYSTEMS. LOCAL DRAINAGE SYSTEM COVERING SMALL /MEDIUM/LARGE ROADS AND SMALL NALLAS FORM THE UP-STREAM SUB SYSTEM AND MEDIUM / LARGE NALLAS/RIVERS FORM THE DOWNS-TREAM SUB-SYSTEM. MOST OF THE AREA OF MUMBAI FORMS THE CATCHMENT AREA FOR THE LOCAL DRAINAGE SUB SYSTEM. SINCE THE UP-STREAM SUB-SYSTEM INITIALLY COLLECTS STORM WATER RUN-OFF AND SUBSEQUENTLY PASSES THE SAME TO THE DOWN-STREAM SUB-SYSTEM, IT IS NECESSARY TO DESIGN IT PROPERLY AND IDENTIFY CONSTRUCTION PROPOSALS FOR THE SAME.

BRIMSTOWAD DOES NOT COVER THESE PROPOSALS.

RECOMMENDATIONS

DESIGN / PROPOSALS SHOULD BE PREPARED FOR INTENSITIES OF STORMS FOR A FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF SAY ONCE IN TEN YEARS. DESIGN/PROPOSALS SHOULD BE ADDED FOR LOCAL STORM WATER DRAINAGE SYSTEMS (SMALL/MEDIUM/LARGE ROADS , SMALL NALLAS WITH CONCENTRATION TIME 10 MIN. TO 60 MIN.) USE RAINFALL INTENSITY- DURATION- FREQURENCY RELATIONSHIPS DEVLOPED BY CHAWATHE ET AL FOR DESIGNING LOCAL STORM WATER DRAINAGE SYSTEM REDEVELOP RAINFALL INTENSITY-DURATION- FREQUENCY RELATION SHIPS BASED ON HOURLY RAINFALL DATA FOR DURATION OF STORMS OF MORE THAN ONE HOUR DURATION BY USING METHODOLOGY USED BY CHAWATHE ET AL . EXTREME VALUE PROBABILITY METHOD SHOULD NOT BE USED FOR THIS PURPOSE. DESIGN/ PROPOSALS SHOULD BE FRESHLY PREPARED FOR LARGE NALLAS/ RIVERS SUCH AS MITHI USING THESE RELATIONSHIPS. MODIFY BRIMSTOWAD ON ABOVE LINES AND REVISE ALL COST ESTIMATES

THANK

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