MOTIVATION

Motivation is a Latin word, meaning to move

MOTIVE
Berelson and Steiner state : Motive is an inner state that energiess,activates,or moves and that directs behaviour towards goals

Motivating
Motivating is a term which implies that one person ,in the organizational context a manager,induces another say employee,to engage in action by ensuring that a channel to satisfy the motive become available and accessible to the individual

Motivation
Motivation depends on motives and motivating Motivation is something that moves the person to action , and continues him in the course of action already initiated

Definition
According to Dubin,motivation is the complex of forces starting and keeping a person at work in an organisation

Nature of motivation
Based on motives Affected by motivating Goal directed behaviour Related to satisfaction Personal motivated in totality Complex process

 Based on motives :motivation is based on individuals motives which are internal to the individual. These motives are in the form of feeling that the individual lacks something Affected by motivating :motivation is affected by the way the individual is motivated

 Goal directed behaviour :motivation leads to goal-directed behaviour Related to satisfaction :motivation leads to satisfaction Person motivated in totality :a person is motivated in totality and not in part Complex process :motivation is a complex process;complexity emerges bz of the nature and type of behaviour that is attempted to satisfy those needs.

Motivation theories and models

Traditional theories of work motivation : Theory X of McGregor Fear and punishment theory Reward theory Carrot and stick theory

Modern theories of work motivation : Maslows need hierarchy Herzbergs hygiene theory or two factor theory McClellands needs theory or achievement theory Alderfers ERG theory Vrooms expectancy theory or valence theory Adams equity theory Gillerman on motivation Path-goal hypothesis Employee centered approach of Likert

Maslow's need hierarchy theory : Physiological needs Safety needs Social needs Esteem needs Self actualization needs

Maslows need hierarchy theory

 1. Biological and Physiological needs - air, food, drink, shelter, warmth, sleep, etc. 2. Safety needs - protection from elements, security, order, law, limits, stability, etc. 3. Belongingness and Love needs - work group, family, affection, relationships, etc. 4. Esteem needs - self-esteem, achievement, mastery, independence, status, dominance, prestige, managerial responsibility, etc. 5. Self-Actualization needs - realising personal potential, selffulfillment, seeking personal growth and peak experiences.

Two factor/hygiene theory

Name(s): Two Factor Theory, also known as, Herzberg's Motivation Theory, Herzberg's motivation-hygiene theory, Motivation-Hygiene Theory, and The Dual Structure Theory Author: Professor Frederick Irving Herzberg Classification: Hedonic or Pleasure Motivational Theories Year: 1959

 In 1959, Frederick Herzberg, a behavioural scientist proposed a two-factor theory or the motivator-hygiene theory. According to Herzberg, there are some job factors that result in satisfaction while there are other job factors that prevent dissatisfaction. According to Herzberg, the opposite of Satisfaction is No satisfaction and the opposite of Dissatisfaction is No Dissatisfaction.

Hygiene factors includes : Company policy and administration Technical supervision Interpersonal relationship with peers Interpersonal relationship with subordinates Salary Job security Personal life Working conditions status

Motivational factors include : Achievement Recognition Advancement Work itself Possibility of growth responsibility

 Conclusion Hygiene factors are needed to ensure an employee is not dissatisfied. Motivation factors are needed in order to motivate an employee to higher performance