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BUREAU OF FIRE PROTECTION

OFFICE OF THE REGNL DIR R2


FIRE SAFETY PROGRAM
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Fire, helpful and destructive to
mankind, is more than a necessary
evil: controlled, it provides warmth
and food, but uncontrolled, it
produces death and destruction.

Because of the power of fire,


its unintentional origin and
behavior are difficult to predict and
determine.
In order to understand the
behavior of fire, one must have an
understanding of the chemical
principles that control its origin and
spread and the physical phenomena
that result from its behavior.
Fire itself is a chemical
phenomenon, all fuels are (synthetic
or organic) chemical compounds and
when fuel is ignited, the result is a
The diffusion flame process (fire)
is a rapid self-sustaining oxidation
process accompanied by the evolution
of heat and light of varying intensities.
FIRE consists of
three basic
elements, as
represented by the
fire triangle: HEAT,
FUEL and OXYGEN.
These basic
components have
Oxygen is always present in the home.
  If, however, you can separate heat
sources from fuel sources (combustibles),
you will have taken the first step toward fire
prevention.
 HEAT SOURCES - Anything that produces heat.
Damaged electrical wiring
Stoves Heating appliances

 FUEL SOURCES - Anything that will burn.


Clothing Curtains
Furniture Flammable
liquids
The combustion reaction can be
depicted more accurately by a four-sided
solid geometric form called a tetrahedron.
tetrahedron
The four sides represent HEAT,
HEAT FUEL,
FUEL
OXYGEN,
OXYGEN and UNINHIBITED CHAIN
REACTIONS.
REACTIONS
OXYGEN
TEMPERATURE

FUEL
UNINHIBITED CHAIN REACTION
OF COMBUSTION PROCESS
1.CLASS A = FIRES INVOLVING ORDINARY COMBUSTIBLE MATERIALS.
Ex. Rubber, plastics, fibers, wood, papers etc.

2. CLASS B = FIRES INVOLVING FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS AND GASES.


Ex. Gasoline, paints, Liquified petroleum gas

3. CLASS C = FIRES INVOLVING ENERGIZED ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENTS.


Ex. Overloading elect’l system, short circuit, defective appliances

4. CLASS D = FIRES INVOLVING COMBUSTIBLE METALS.


Ex. Sodium, potassium, explosives

1. COOLING / QUENCHING = REDUCTION OF TEMPERATURE.

2. BLANKETTING = REMOVAL OF OXYGEN.

3. STARVING = REMOVAL OF FUEL.


HOW DOES FIRE SPREAD?

3 WAYS OF HEAT TRANSFER

1.CONDUCTION = TRANSFER OF HEAT FROM HOT SURFACE TO A


COOLER SURFACE BY DIRECT CONTACT OR THRU A CONDUCTOR.

2. CONVECTION = TRANSFER OF HEAT FROM HOT SURFACE TO A


COOLER SURFACE THRU MOVEMENT HOT GASES AND LIQUIDS.

3. RADIATION = TRANSFER OF HEAT FROM HOT SURFACE TO A


COOLER SURFACE THRU ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES WITHOUT
INTERVENING MEDIUM.
HOW DOES FIRE WILL INTENSIFY?
= THRU THE FACTORS WHICH WILL AFFECT THE RATE OF
INTENSITY OF HEAT.

1. Amount of fuel available for burning.


2. Calorific value of fuel
3. Oxygen supply available
4. Surfaced area of exposure
5. Flame length produce
   INSTALL SMOKE ALARMS
  Smoke alarms save lives by
warning you about a fire while there's
time to escape. Install alarms on every
floor of your home, including the
basement, and outside each sleeping
area - inside as well, if you sleep with
the door closed - and test them once a
month. Smoke alarms lose their
sensitivity over time. Replace alarms
10AUTOMATIC
   or more years old.FIRE SPRINKLER SYSTEM
HOME
Consider installing an automatic home fire
sprinkler system in your home. Sprinklers can
contain and even extinguish a home fire in less time
than it takes the fire department to arrive.
 PLAN YOUR ESCAPE
  If there’s a fire, you have to
get out fast, so be prepared.
Draw a floor plan of your home,
marking two ways out of each
room. Go over the plan with your
household so that everyone
knows how to escape if there's a
fire, then physically walk through
each escape route. Decide on an
outside meeting place in front of
your home where everyone will
meet after they've escaped.
Practice your escape plan by
holding a fire drill twice a year.
 IN A FIRE, CRAWL LOW
UNDER SMOKE
  Smoke and heat rise,
so during a fire there's
cleaner, cooler air near
the floor. Always try
another exit if you
encounter smoke when
you are escaping a fire.
But if you have to escape
through smoke, crawl on
your hands and knees
with you head I to 2 feet
  SMOKERS' SAFETY
  Don't smoke in bed or


when you're drowsy.
Give smokers large,
deep, non-tip ash trays,
and soak butts and ashes
before dumping them. If
someone has been
smoking in your home,
check on and around
furniture, including under
cushions, for smoldering
cigarettes.
COOK SAFELY
  Always stay with the
stove when cooking, or turn
off burners if you walk
away. Wear clothes with
snug - rolled up - sleeves
when you cook to avoid
catching your clothes on
fire. Turn pot handles
inward where you can't
bump them and children
can't grab them, and
enforce a "kid-free zone" 3
   KEEP MATCHES AND LIGHTERS OUT OF SIGHT
Keep matches and lighters away from children. Lock
them up high and out of reach, and use only child-
resistant lighters. Teach young children to tell you if they
find matches or lighters; teach older children to bring
matches and lighters to an adult before they fall into
  USEhands.
young
 ELECTRICITY SAFELY
  Know the warning signs of
problems for electrical appliances:
flickering lights, smoke or odd
smells, blowing fuses, tripping circuit
breakers or frayed or cracked cords.
Check carefully any appliances that
display a warning sign, and repair or
replace. Don't run extension cords
across doorways or where they can
 STOP, DROP, AND ROLL
  If your clothing catches on fire,
remember:
  STOP:  Don't run. Running feeds oxygen
to the fire and makes it worse.
DROP:  Instead, drop immediately to the
floor.
ROLL:  Cover your face with your hands
and roll over and over to smother the
flames. Cool the burn with cool water for 10
- 15 minutes. Call for help.
 TEST DOORS BEFORE OPENING
  You can easily be overcomed by heat,
smoke or flames when you open a door to an
area where a fire has spread.


 DON'T LOCK SAFETY
GATES ON WINDOWS
Fumbling for a key or
combination during an
emergency will reduce
the opportunity for a safe
exit.
Unattended cooking equipment Unattended electric iron

Improper wiring system

Improper discarding of cigarette Octopus connection – overloading of


Unattended children playing matches Mosquito coils near combustible rug

Fire trapped window


Never leave a warm or hot iron
unattended. An unattended
iron that is on will scorch
fabric and may cause a fire.
Never leave food on a stove or in an
oven unattended. Keep cooking
areas free of flammable objects such
as potholders, towels and curtains.
Never disable or remove the battery
from a smoke alarm. Frequently test
smoke alarms and make sure that you
replace batteries regularly.
Burning candles should never
be left unattended. Keep
flammable items like fabric and
paper away from candles.
Store gasoline,
newspapers and other
combustibles away
from sources of flame.
Keep air conditioning unit on a
level surface away from fabric
and other flammable items.
The fire safety plan is a
very important part of the
overall fire and life safety
program within the building.
Its purpose is to prevent
potential injuries and deaths
and to protect your
If a fire starts in
your home you will
be scared, but try
very hard to stay
calm.
Having a Fire
Escape Plan, so you
know what to do if
there is a fire, could
FIRE PLAN PART 1
If you are woken up by the sound of your smoke
alarm or by the sound of what you think is a fire,
remember:

 Stay calm. Wake up all the members of your


family.
 Make your way out together, through the
nearest exit.
 Do not open any doors other than the ones you
need to escape through.
 If a door feels hot, DO NOT open it.
 When everyone is safely outside call the Fire
Service from a public telephone or a neighbor’s house.
DO NOT GO BACK TO THE HOUSE for any reason
until the Fire Service tells you it is safe to return.
If the fire is blocking your way or you cannot use the
FIRE PLAN PART 2
In fires, there is sometimes a lot of smoke. This can
kill you. If you have to go through a smoke - filled
hallway or room, get down on your hands and knees
and crawl under it.
 Get all the family into a room from where it
would be safest to drop from a window, onto a flat roof
or into the garden.
 ALWAYS pass children down first. Never leave
children until last.
 Remember – never jump!
 Lower yourself to arms length and then drop.
 When everyone is out safely, find a
telephone and dial 117 / 160.
 If you are trapped by smoke and cannot escape
FIRE PLAN PART 3
If you are trapped in a room by smoke or fire, you
need to try to stop smoke getting into the room.
 Close the door.
 Block any gaps into the room. Use towels,
blankets or spare clothes.
 If there is a telephone in the room dial 117.
 If there is no telephone, go to the window and
shout for help.
 Once you know you have been heard and help is
on the way, stay near to the floor by the window.
Smoke and heat rise so you are safer near to the
ground.
If your windows are double glazed, use a heavy
object and hit the window in a bottom corner. Make
Every business
establishment should have a fire
safety plan, which should be
reviewed with all new
employees when they begin
their job and with all employees
when the plan is changed.
  THE FOLLOWING ARE SOME GENERAL FIRE
PREVENTION PRACTICES:
    All ignition sources (i.e., open flames, cutting
torches, spark producing equipment, electric
motors, heating equipment, etc.) should be
controlled and contact with combustible and
flammable materials must be avoided. Keep all
combustible materials at least five feet from such
ignition sources and all flammable liquids at least
twenty feet away.
Extensive use of electrical extension cords
should be avoided. Any damaged or frayed
electrical wiring, equipment cords, extension cords,
etc. should be removed from service immediately
and replaced or repaired.
BUILDING FIRE EXITS:
 Each area of the building shall have at least two
means of escape remote from each other that are to
be used in a fire emergency. The location of exits
and the path of egress should be shown on maps
posted throughout the building.
 Fire exit doors must not be blocked or locked to
prevent emergency use when employees are within
the building.
 Exit routes from the building must be clear and
free of obstructions. All exits are marked with signs
designating exits from the building.
FIRE EXTINGUISHERS:
  Every area in the building should have a full
complement of the proper type of fire extinguisher
for the fire hazards present.
The fire extinguishers should be inspected
annually by a fire protection equipment company
and tagged with the date of inspection. If a fire
extinguisher is used or discharged for any reason, it
must be removed from service and replaced with
another properly charged extinguisher while it is
being recharged.
FIRE EXTINGUISHERS:

 Employees who are expected or anticipated to use


fire extinguishers should be instructed on the hazards
of fighting fires, how to properly operate the fire
extinguishers available, and what procedures to follow
in alerting others to the fire emergency.
These employees will attempt to extinguish only
small incipient fires. If a fire cannot be immediately
and easily extinguished with a fire extinguisher, the
employees will evacuate the building rather than try to
fight the fire.
All employees who are not trained and
designated to fight fires are to immediately evacuate
the building at the first sign of fire or initiation of the
fire alarm and are prohibited from using an
EMERGENCY EVACUATION:
If any employee discovers a fire or smoke, the
employee should immediately pull the nearest fire
alarm box.
If there is time and it is safe to do so, the
employee will also call the front office receptionist
to report the fire.
If the fire does not involve the office, the
receptionist will call 117/160 and report the fire to
the nearest fire department. The receptionist will
then make an announcement over the public
address system that there is a fire, give the
location of the fire and instruct all employees to
evacuate the building. The receptionist will then
exit the building.
EMERGENCY EVACUATION:
 When the fire alarm sounds or a fire is
otherwise announced, all employees (except those
designated and trained to use fire extinguishers)
are expected to immediately exit the building by
proceeding to the nearest exit in an orderly
fashion.
If the nearest exit is blocked by fire or
smoke, the employees should proceed to an
alternate exit. There should be no running,
shouting, pushing, etc. A calm orderly evacuation
is the safest for all concerned.
EMERGENCY EVACUATION:
 Upon exiting the building, all employees are to
proceed to the designated meeting area(s) so that
they are away from the building, are not
hampering access by fire fighters, and can be
counted and accounted for. The designated
meeting area(s) for our building is (insert the
location(s) where employees are to meet outside
the building). Supervisors and managers will
account for all of their employees to ensure that no
one is still in the building and unaccounted for.
Where needed, special procedures for helping
physically impaired employees will be established.
This will be done on a case by case basis when the
employee is first hired or when the physical
impairment first occurs.
EMPLOYEE TRAINING:
All new employees should receive fire
prevention and emergency evacuation training when
they are hired. All employees should receive a
refresher training and a review of this plan on an
annual basis.
Fire drills, to include a practice evacuation of
the building should be conducted at least annually.
These drills will be used to evaluate employee
response and behavior and will help us determine
where more training is needed.
Those employees who are designated and
authorized to use fire extinguishers to fight small
fires will receive training in the proper use of
extinguisher, how to extinguish a fire, the hazards
involved in fighting fires, and when not to fight a fire
THE FOLLOWING SECTIONS SHOULD BE
ESTABLISHED WITHIN THE FIRE SAFETY
PLAN.
 Map the complete layout of the building,
verifying all the exit locations, occupied rooms,
offices, incorporating the property lot and building
size measurements, highlighting street access and
names, noting any other vital fire fighter entry
information.
 Document the locations of the onsite fire
extinguishers, fire hoses, standpipe stations, fire
alarm system & detection devices, emergency
lighting, fire pumps, sprinkler risers & Siamese
connections, etc.
 Describe fire alarm system specifications,
including the operation sequence of the control panel
THE FOLLOWING SECTIONS SHOULD BE
ESTABLISHED WITHIN THE FIRE SAFETY
PLAN.
 Outline the preventative maintenance program, including
servicing requirements, monthly inspections and tests,
performance details, and fire logging methods pertaining to the
audit of all the fire protection equipment within the building.
 Provide sample signage indicating overall floor plans, each
exit within the building and the location of the fire extinguishers,
fire hoses and stations, fire alarm & devices, emergency lighting,
sprinkler systems, emergency gas and water shut off valves and
electrical disconnect switches.
 Outline fire drill intervals, occupant emergency evacuation
procedures and alternative measures in fire emergency
situations.

 Indicate of all on-site fire hazards and measures to be


taken by the supervisory staff and fire wardens.
Although extinguishers can vary in size, color
and type of extinguishing agent, all devices
operate basically the same way.
If the fire is small and heavy smoke is NOT
present and you have an exit available to you for
evacuation purposes, grab the nearest
appropriate extinguisher and the P-A-S-S
P - PULL the pin located in the extinguisher's
handle.
A - AIM the nozzle, horn or hose at the base of
the fire. Aim the discharge toward the base of
the flames. Do not aim the fire extinguisher
directly onto the source, as it may spread the
flames. Begin discharging 8-10 feet away from
the fire source.
S - SQUEEZE or press the handle.

S - SWEEP from side to side at


the base of the fire until it is
out.

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