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Management:
Mark V Cannice
Harold Koontz 12th edition, McGraw Hill Slide Prepared By: Abdullah Al Yousuf Khan, Faculty, IUBAT
Explain the nature and purpose of management Understand that management applies to all kind of organisations Recognise that the aim of all managers is to create a surplus (profit) Identify latest information technology and globalisation Explain the concepts of productivity, effectiveness, and efficiency Describe the evolution of management and some recent contribution to management thought Describe various approaches to management, their contributions as well as limitations Show how the management process, operational process, approaches to management theory and science has a basic core of its own Realise that managing requires a system approach and that practice must always take into account SITUATIONS and CONTINGENCIES Define the mangerial functions of planning, organising, leading and controlling
Slide Prepared By: Abdullah Al Yousuf Khan, Faculty, IUBATInternational University of Business Agriculture and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
environment in which individuals, working together in groups, efficiently accomplish selected goals. Expended Definition: As managers, people carry out the managerial functions of planning, organising, leading and controlling. Management applies to any organisations. It applies to managers at all kind of organisational levels. The aim of all mangers is the same to create a surplus. Managing is concerned with productivity, which implies effectiveness and efficiency.
Slide Prepared By: Abdullah Al Yousuf Khan, Faculty, IUBATInternational University of Business Agriculture and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Definition of Management
All do manage organisations. Organisation can be defined as a group of People working together to create a surplus. In business organisations, this surplus is profit. Universities does create profit but generate and disseminate knowledge as well as provide service to the society.
Slide Prepared By: Abdullah Al Yousuf Khan, Faculty, IUBATInternational University of Business Agriculture and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Planning
Organising Staffing
Leading
Controlling
Slide Prepared By: Abdullah Al Yousuf Khan, Faculty, IUBATInternational University of Business Agriculture and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
PLANNING
Planning involves selecting goals and objectives and actions to achieve them, i.e. selecting future courses of actions from alternatives. To make any decision a systematic study, an analysis, or a proposal is needed, and that is planning.
Slide Prepared By: Abdullah Al Yousuf Khan, Faculty, IUBATInternational University of Business Agriculture and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
ORGANISING
Organising is that part of management which involves establishing an intentional structure of roles for people to Fill in an organisation. It is intentional in the sense of Making sure that all the tasks necessary to accomplish goals are assigned and, it is hoped, assigned to people who can do them best. The purpose of organisation structure is to help create an environment for human performance. It is a management tool but may not be a easy task.
Slide Prepared By: Abdullah Al Yousuf Khan, Faculty, IUBATInternational University of Business Agriculture and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
STAFFING
Staffing involves filling the positions in the organisation structure. This is done by identifying work-force requirements: inventorying the people available: and recruiting, selecting, placing, promoting, appraising, planning the careers of, compensating, and training/developing current employees so that tasks are accomplished effectively and efficiently.
Slide Prepared By: Abdullah Al Yousuf Khan, Faculty, IUBATInternational University of Business Agriculture and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
LEADING
Leading is influencing people so that they will contribute to organisational and group goals: it has to do predominantly with the interpersonal aspect of managing. All managers would agree that they face most problems with people their desires and attitudes as well as their behaviour as individuals and in groups. And then effective managers also need to be effective leaders. Since leadership implies follower ship and people tend to follow those who offer means of satisfying their own needs, wishes, and desires, it is understandable that leading involves innovations, leadership styles and approaches, and communication.
Slide Prepared By: Abdullah Al Yousuf Khan, Faculty, IUBATInternational University of Business Agriculture and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
CONTROLLING
Controlling is measuring and correcting individual and organisational performance to ensure that events conform to plans. It involves measuring performance against goals and plans, showing when deviations from standards exist, and helping to correct deviations from standards. In short, controlling facilitates the accomplishments of plans. Control activities generally relate to the measurement of achievement. Some means of controlling, like the budget for expenses, inspection records, and the record of labour hours lost, are generally familiar.
Slide Prepared By: Abdullah Al Yousuf Khan, Faculty, IUBATInternational University of Business Agriculture and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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enable individuals to make their best contributions group objectives. Management thus applies to small and large organisations, to profit and non-profit enterprise. To manufacturing as well as service industries. The term enterprise refers to a business, government agency, hospital, university and any other type of organisationbusiness or non business organisations. Effective management is the concern of the corporation president, the hospital administrator, the university president.
Slide Prepared By: Abdullah Al Yousuf Khan, Faculty, IUBATInternational University of Business Agriculture and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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are same in terms of taking responsibility. But situation can be different in various types of organisation. All managers carry out managerial functions. But time spent for each function may differ. Top level managers spend more time on planning and organising than do lower-level managers. Leading, on the other hand, takes a great deal of time for first-line supervisors.
Slide Prepared By: Abdullah Al Yousuf Khan, Faculty, IUBATInternational University of Business Agriculture and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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level and human skills are helpful in the frequent interactions with the subordinates. Conceptual and design skills on the other hand, are not critical for lower-level supervisors. At the middle management level, the need for technical skills decreases, human skills are still essential, while conceptual skills gain in importance. At the top management level, conceptual and design abilities and human skills are especially valuable, but there is relatively little need for technical abilities. In large organisations, CEOs can utilise the technical abilities of their subordinates. In smaller firms, technical experience may still be quite important.
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Slide Prepared By: Abdullah Al Yousuf Khan, Faculty, IUBATInternational University of Business Agriculture and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Middle-level managers
L E A D I N G
First-level supervisors
O R G A N I S I N G
Slide Prepared By: Abdullah Al Yousuf Khan, Faculty, IUBATInternational University of Business Agriculture and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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The aim of all managers should be to create a surplus, by establishing an environment in which people can accomplish group goals with the least amount of time, money, materials, and personal dissatisfaction.
Slide Prepared By: Abdullah Al Yousuf Khan, Faculty, IUBATInternational University of Business Agriculture and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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In the US, profitability is an important measure of company excellence. However, other criteria are also used that frequently coincide with financial performance Thomas Peters and Robert Waterman in their book, In Search of Excellence, identified 43 companies that they regarded as excellent. In choosing firms, they considered factors such as growth of assets and equity, average return on total capital, and similar measures.
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Slide Prepared By: Abdullah Al Yousuf Khan, Faculty, IUBATInternational University of Business Agriculture and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Were oriented toward action Learned about the needs of their customers Promoted managerial autonomy and entrepreneurship Achieved productivity by paying close attention to the needs of their people Were driven by a company philosophy often based on the values of their leaders Focused on the business they knew Had a simple organisational structure with a lean stuff Were centralised as well as decentralised, depending on appropriateness
Slide Prepared By: Abdullah Al Yousuf Khan, Faculty, IUBATInternational University of Business Agriculture and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Criticism
Two years after In Search of Excellence published,
Business Week took a second look at the companies that the writers had considered excellent. Business Week survey revealed that at least 14 of the 43 companies did not measure up very well to several of the eight characteristics of excellence. 9 companies showed a great decline in earnings. The performance review of the firms indicated that success may be only transitory and that it demands continuing hard work to adopt to the changes in the environment
Slide Prepared By: Abdullah Al Yousuf Khan, Faculty, IUBATInternational University of Business Agriculture and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Advances in technologies, trends in globalisation, and a focus entrepreneurship for adapting to change in the 21st century To be successful in business, companies must take advantage of the new information technology especially the internetglobalisation-and entrepreneurship
Slide Prepared By: Abdullah Al Yousuf Khan, Faculty, IUBATInternational University of Business Agriculture and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Technology
Technology, and specially information technology (IT)
pervasive (allocable) impact on both organisations and individuals. The World Wide Web and the Internet connect people and organisations through a global network. Electronic commerce (e-commerce) is increasingly used for transactions between individuals and companies (B2C) as well as between business (B2B) Another trend is the use of m-commerce, that is, use of mobile or wireless commerce for buying and selling goods using for example mobile phones or personal digital assistance (PDA)
Slide Prepared By: Abdullah Al Yousuf Khan, Faculty, IUBATInternational University of Business Agriculture and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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For example, in Japan, NTT DoCoMo has developed an internet service called i-mode, which has already many million subscribers.
This services will increase as soon as thirdgeneration wireless technology making the speedy transmission of data possible (including video).
Slide Prepared By: Abdullah Al Yousuf Khan, Faculty, IUBATInternational University of Business Agriculture and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Globalisation
The second major trend is globalisation Most major corporations has international presence The WTO, an umbrella organisation, was established in
1955 to govern international trade. Gains from globalisation not only benefit Western corporations but also result in higher incomes for people in other countries, such as China. Clearly, managers must develop an international perspective.
Slide Prepared By: Abdullah Al Yousuf Khan, Faculty, IUBATInternational University of Business Agriculture and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Entrepreneurship
Entrepreneurship is seen by government as a means to increase employment and prosperity among their population, while organisationlarge or small find that entrepreneurial innovation and expansion into new markets are essential to their success and survival in increasingly competitive markets that linked globally through sophisticated and ever present communication technologies.
Slide Prepared By: Abdullah Al Yousuf Khan, Faculty, IUBATInternational University of Business Agriculture and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Entrepreneurship
Entrepreneurship is a creative process that is centred in the notion of identifying market opportunities and unmet needs. It is building solutions that meet these needs and bring value to customers. Entrepreneurs build organisations that provide products that alleviate peoples pain (e.g. pharmaceutical companies) or provide the means for people to enhance their own lives through sophisticated telecommunications (e.g. information technology companies)
Slide Prepared By: Abdullah Al Yousuf Khan, Faculty, IUBATInternational University of Business Agriculture and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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objectives Efficiency is the achievement of the ends with the least amount of resources
Slide Prepared By: Abdullah Al Yousuf Khan, Faculty, IUBATInternational University of Business Agriculture and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Slide Prepared By: Abdullah Al Yousuf Khan, Faculty, IUBATInternational University of Business Agriculture and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Scientific management;
Frederick W. Taylor; (1903) acknowledged as the father of scientific management. His primary concern was to raise productivity through greater efficiency in production and increased pay for workers, by applying the scientific method. His principles emphasise using science, creating group harmony and cooperation, achieving maximum output, and developing workers.
Slide Prepared By: Abdullah Al Yousuf Khan, Faculty, IUBATInternational University of Business Agriculture and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Slide Prepared By: Abdullah Al Yousuf Khan, Faculty, IUBATInternational University of Business Agriculture and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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the human aspects of work and the understanding of workers personalities and needs.
Slide Prepared By: Abdullah Al Yousuf Khan, Faculty, IUBATInternational University of Business Agriculture and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Slide Prepared By: Abdullah Al Yousuf Khan, Faculty, IUBATInternational University of Business Agriculture and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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such as;
Authority and responsibility Unity of command
Scalar chain
Esprit de crops
Slide Prepared By: Abdullah Al Yousuf Khan, Faculty, IUBATInternational University of Business Agriculture and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Behavioural science
Hugo Munsterbergh (1912)
Application of psychology in industry and
management.
Slide Prepared By: Abdullah Al Yousuf Khan, Faculty, IUBATInternational University of Business Agriculture and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Behavioural science
Vilfredo Pareto (1896-1917) Referred to as the father of the social systems approach to organisation and management Elton Mayo and F.J. Roethlisberger (1933) Famous studies at the Hawthorne plant of the Western Electric Company on the influence of social attitudes and relationships of work groups on performance
Slide Prepared By: Abdullah Al Yousuf Khan, Faculty, IUBATInternational University of Business Agriculture and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Systems theory
Chester Barnard the functions of the managers (1938)
The task of managers is to maintain a system of
cooperative effort in formal organisation. Suggested a comprehensive social systems approach to managing.
Slide Prepared By: Abdullah Al Yousuf Khan, Faculty, IUBATInternational University of Business Agriculture and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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topics
W. Edwards Deming
Introduced quality control in Japan
Slide Prepared By: Abdullah Al Yousuf Khan, Faculty, IUBATInternational University of Business Agriculture and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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considered excellent.
Slide Prepared By: Abdullah Al Yousuf Khan, Faculty, IUBATInternational University of Business Agriculture and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Patterns of management
The managerial roles approach
Henry Mintzberg of McGill University studied the
activities of five CEOs. Executive do not perform the classical management function Instead they do the following
Interpersonal roles
1.
The figurehead role (performing ceremonial and social duties as the organisations representative
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Slide Prepared By: Abdullah Al Yousuf Khan, Faculty, IUBATInternational University of Business Agriculture and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Informational roles
4. The recipient role ( receiving information about
the operation of an enterprise) 5. The disseminator role (passing information to subordinates) 6. The spokesperson role (transmitting information to those outside the organisation)
Slide Prepared By: Abdullah Al Yousuf Khan, Faculty, IUBATInternational University of Business Agriculture and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Decision roles
The entrepreneurial role 8. The disturbance-handler role 9. The resource-allocator role 10. The negotiator role
7.
Slide Prepared By: Abdullah Al Yousuf Khan, Faculty, IUBATInternational University of Business Agriculture and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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and failure Limitations- situations are all different. No attempt to identify principles. Limited value for developing management theory Case situation
Failure
Success
Why?
Slide Prepared By: Abdullah Al Yousuf Khan, Faculty, IUBATInternational University of Business Agriculture and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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