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Hemodynamics
Describes the physical factors governing blood flow
Blood Velocity
Q = VA
V = Q/A
Blood Flow
Blood flow : the quantity of blood that passes a given
The impediment to blood flow through the vessel as a result of friction between the flowing blood and the intravascular endothelium all along the inside of the vessel
resistance
Ohms Law
Q=P R
Q : Blood Flow
P : Pressure Difference (P1 P2) R : Resistance
circulation Cardiac output (CO) CO : the amount of blood pumped into the aorta by the heart each minute Blood flow within each organ changes with body activities
vessel
Reynolds number
the measure of the tendency for turbulence to occur
Re : reynolds number
v : mean velocity (cm/s) d : diameter (cm) : density : viscosity (poise)
POISEUILLEs LAW
r P1 P2 Q 8 L
4
Q = debit / flow rate (m/s) = blood viscosity (Poiseuille/Pa.s) r = radius of the vessel(m) P1/P2 = pressure (N/m = Pa) L = length of the vessel (m)
Flow Rate =
Pressure Resistance
Resistance = 8L / r 4
entire systemic circulation 1 PRU Total Pulmonary Resistance : 1/7 systemic circulation
vasodilation resistance decreases vasoconstriction resistance increases
resistance Changing the resistance of a small number of parallel vessel will have little effect on total resistance
Blood Conductance
Conductance is a measure of the blood flow through a vessel for a given pressure difference.
vessel Water viscosity= 10-3 Pa s (20) Blood viscosity= 3-4 x 10-3 Pa s Hematocrit >>> Blood viscosity >>> Temperature <<< blood viscosity >>> Flow <<< blood viscosity >>>
Polisitemia vera
Vessels Diameter
The most important factor determining resistance to flow
Q ~ r4
Blood Pressure
Pressure >>> Flow >>> an increase in arterial pressure not only increases the
force that pushes blood through the vessels but also distends the vessels at the same time, which decreases vascular resistance.
P = Q 8L / r
Tekanan Darah : - Berbanding lurus dengan V (curah jantung) - Berbanding lurus dengan tahanan (perifer) dipengaruhi oleh tonus dan elastisitas arteri - Berbanding lurus (viskositas darah) dipengaruhi oleh volume darah - Berbanding lurus dengan L (panjang pembuluh) - Berbanding terbalik dengan r (jari-jari/ diameter pembuluh)
expand and recoil because of the pressure of elastic fibers in the arterial wall Systolic pressure: maximum pressure occurring during systole Diastolic pressure: pressure during diastole
Figure 14.8
PP = SP-DP
Mean arterial blood pressure =
MAP
MAP = Pdias 1/3 (Psys Pdias) MAP = (CO x SVR) + CVP
Referensi
Guyton, A.C., John E. Hall., 2006. Textbook of
Medical Physiology.11th ed. Elsevier Inc.Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Klabunde, R.E. 2011. Cardiovascular physiology concepts. 2nd ed. Lippincott Wiliams & Wilkins. Cameron, John R., 2006. Fisika Tubuh Manusia; Alih bahasa, Brahm U. Pendit. Ed.2-Jakarta. EGC. Gabriel J.F. 1996. Fisika Kedokteran. 7th ed. Jakarta. Penerbit Buku Kedokteran EGC.
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