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Body Immunity System

Jamil Ihsan | Nizan Dani Oktama | Harri Kahfi


XI Science 1 SMAN Plus Riau Province
SMAN PLUS
PROPINSI RIAU
Jl. Lingkar Kubang
Raya
PO. Box 1447-
Pekanbaru
SMAN PLUS
PROPINSI RIAU
Jl. Lingkar Kubang
Raya
PO. Box 1447-
Pekanbaru
BODY IMMUNITY
Body immunity is the ability of the body to fight disease
germ in order to avoid from the disease.
SMAN PLUS
PROPINSI RIAU •EFFECTS OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM
Jl. Lingkar Kubang •Beneficial:
Raya
PO. Box 1447- Protection from invaders/pathogens
Pekanbaru  Intracellular (e.g. viruses and some bacteria and
parasites)
 Extracellular (e.g. most bacteria, fungi and
parasites)
Elimination of modified or altered Self

•Detrimental:
Discomfort and collateral damage (inflammation)
Damage to self (hypersensitivity or autoimmunity)
Body immunity is separated into two :

SMAN PLUS
PROPINSI RIAU
Jl. Lingkar Kubang
Raya
COMPARISON OF INNATE AND ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY
PO. Box 1447-
Pekanbaru Innate Immunity Adaptive Immunity
No time lag A lag period
Non antigen specific Antigen specific
No memory Development of memory

INNATE IMMUNITY
Rapid responses to a ACQUIRED IMMUNITY
broad range of microbes Slower responses to
specific microbes
External defenses Internal defenses
Skin Phagocytic cells
Mucous membranesAntimicrobial proteins Humoral response
Secretions (antibodies)
Invading Inflammatory response
Natural killer cells Cell-mediated response
microbes
(pathogens) (cytotoxic lymphocytes)
SMAN PLUS general
Is response to anything
present before other than
any exposure recognizedand
to pathogens “selfiscells”
PROPINSI RIAU
Jl. Lingkar Kubang effective from the time of birth
Raya
PO. Box 1447- Involves nonspecific responses to pathogens
Pekanbaru
1. Mechanical Barricade
System/Organ Cell type Mechanism
Physical barrier
Skin Squamous epithelium
Desquamation
Non-ciliated epithelium
Peristalsis
(e.g. GI tract)
Ciliated epithelium
Mucous Mucociliary elevator
(e.g. respiratory tract)
Membranes
Flushing action of
Epithelium
tears, saliva, mucus,
(e.g. nasopharynx)
urine

Kind of
Body Immunity
2. Chemical Barricade
System or Organ Component Mechanism
Anti-microbial fatty
Skin Sweat
acids
SMAN PLUS
PROPINSI RIAU Low pH
Jl. Lingkar Kubang HCl (parietal cells)
Raya Lysozyme and
Tears and saliva
PO. Box 1447- phospholipase A
Pekanbaru Mucous Membranes
Defensins
Antimicrobial
(respiratory & GI tract)
Surfactants (lung) Opsonin

3. Complementary System
Effect Function
Can stick microorganism with leucocytes so it
Opsinon
simplify for the occurrence of phagocytosis.
Chemotoxin Attract leucocytes to infection region
Making Holes Killing microorganism
Hystamin produces the widening of blood vessel
Hystamin
(vasodilatation) and capillary permeability to protein
Has function like hystamin and it can stimulate the
Kind of
Chinin
end of pain and itchy receptors.
Body Immunity
SMAN PLUS
PROPINSI RIAU
Jl. Lingkar Kubang
Raya
PO. Box 1447-
Pekanbaru

Kind of
Body Immunity
specific counter-assault against a “known foreign” invader
SMAN PLUS
PROPINSI RIAU [previously recognized]
Also called acquired immunity
Jl. Lingkar Kubang
Raya Develops only after exposure to inducing agents such as
PO. Box 1447- microbes, toxins, or other foreign substances
Pekanbaru
Involves a very specific response to pathogens

Kind of
Body Immunity
B cell receptors
– Bind to specific, intact antigens
– Are often called membrane antibodies or
SMAN PLUS
PROPINSI RIAU membrane immunoglobulins
Jl. Lingkar Kubang
Raya Antigen- Antigen-
binding binding site
PO. Box 1447-
Pekanbaru
site V Disulfide
bridge

V
V
Variable

V
Light
chain regions
C

C
Constant
C C regions
Transmembrane
region

Plasma
membrane
Heavy chains

B cell Cytoplasm of B cell

(a) A B cell receptor consists of two identical heavy


chains and two identical light chains linked by
several disulfide bridges.

Kind of
Body Immunity
SMAN PLUS
PROPINSI RIAU
Jl. Lingkar Kubang
Raya
PO. Box 1447-
Pekanbaru

Kind of
Body Immunity
Each T cell receptor
– Consists of two different polypeptide chains

SMAN PLUS
PROPINSI RIAU Antigen-
Jl. Lingkar Kubang Binding site
Raya
PO. Box 1447-
Pekanbaru Variable
regions

Constant V V
regions

C C
Transmembrane
region

Plasma β chain
membrane α chain
Disulfide bridge
Cytoplasm of T cell T cell

(b) A T cell receptor consists of one


α chain and one β chain linked by
a disulfide bridge.

Kind of
Body Immunity
SMAN PLUS
PROPINSI RIAU
Jl. Lingkar Kubang
Raya
PO. Box 1447-
Pekanbaru

Kind of
Body Immunity
Kinds of T-cell
SMAN PLUS 1. Destroyer T-Cell
PROPINSI RIAU •Bonding itself with antigen  secreting a lyphotoxin, destroy that antigen so causes
Jl. Lingkar Kubang death in that microorganism.
Raya
•Producing a lymphotoxin protein to strengthen phagocytosis the power of
PO. Box 1447-
Pekanbaru macrophage to the infection region.

2. Servant T-Cell (T4)


•Producing interleukin-2  destroyer T-cell develops faster.
•Chemical substance to produce antibody

3. Suppressor T-Cell (T8)


•Retarding activity of T4.
•Decreasing activity of destroyer T-cell.

4. Memory T-Cell
Recall antigen that has entered body and stronger secondary response from that
memory T-cell  shows that someone that has immunity to certain disease.

5. Amplifier T-Cell
Strengthen the works of T4, T8 and plasma cell.

6. Hypersensitive T-Cell
Kind of Produced lympoxin that is related with allergic reaction.
Body Immunity
SMAN PLUS
PROPINSI RIAU
Jl. Lingkar Kubang
Raya
PO. Box 1447-
Pekanbaru
IMMUNITY

Immunity is a treatment that causes someone becomes


immune to a disease.
SMAN PLUS
PROPINSI RIAU
Jl. Lingkar Kubang
Raya
PO. Box 1447-
Pekanbaru
SMAN PLUS
PROPINSI RIAU
Jl. Lingkar Kubang  Lymphocytes are activated by antigens on the surface of
Raya
PO. Box 1447- pathogens that infected the body
Pekanbaru  Develops naturally in response to an infection
 Can also develop following immunization, also called vaccination
SMAN PLUS
PROPINSI RIAU
Jl. Lingkar Kubang
Raya  B and T cells have not been activated, antibodies have
PO. Box 1447- not been produced
Pekanbaru
 Is conferred naturally when IgG crosses the placenta
from mother to fetus or when IgA passes from mother to
infant in breast milk
 Can be conferred artificially by injecting antibodies into a
no immune person
SMAN PLUS
PROPINSI RIAU
Jl. Lingkar Kubang
Raya
PO. Box 1447-
Pekanbaru
DISORDERS IN BODY IMMUNITY SYSTEM

SMAN PLUS
PROPINSI RIAU
Jl. Lingkar Kubang
Raya
PO. Box 1447-
Pekanbaru
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
(AIDS)
SMAN PLUS
PROPINSI RIAU Caused by HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus), it eventually
Jl. Lingkar Kubang destroys the body’s ability to fight infection.
Raya
PO. Box 1447- HIV infects T-helper cells with often a long incubation of up to
Pekanbaru
10 years
AIDS name applied during advanced stages of disease
After immune system destroyed, opportunistic infections occur.
Epidemic throughout much of the world
14,000 people are infected with the AIDS virus every day
HIV is the virus that causes AIDS and that is transmitted mainly
in blood and semen
Allergy (Hypersensitive)

SMAN PLUS
PROPINSI RIAU
Allergies are abnormal sensitivities to allergens in
Jl. Lingkar Kubang the surroundings
Raya
PO. Box 1447-
Pekanbaru

B cell
(plasma cell)
Histamine

Antigenic Mast
determinant cell

Allergen B cells make Antibodies Allergen binds to Histamine is


(pollen grain) antibodies attach to antibodies on released, causing
mast cell mast cell allergy symptoms
SENSITIZATION: Initial exposure to allergen LATER EXPOSURE TO SAME ALLERGEN
yo u !!
SMAN PLUS
PROPINSI RIAU
Jl. Lingkar Kubang
Raya
PO. Box 1447-
Pekanbaru
Th a n k
Biology is
Fun, right?? Referensi Materi:
Nizan Dani Oktama
Harri Kahfi
PowerPoint Maker:
Jamil Ihsan
QUESTION

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SMAN PLUS
PROPINSI RIAU
Jl. Lingkar Kubang
Raya
PO. Box 1447-
Pekanbaru

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