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SMAN PLUS
PROPINSI RIAU
Jl. Lingkar Kubang
Raya
COMPARISON OF INNATE AND ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY
PO. Box 1447-
Pekanbaru Innate Immunity Adaptive Immunity
No time lag A lag period
Non antigen specific Antigen specific
No memory Development of memory
INNATE IMMUNITY
Rapid responses to a ACQUIRED IMMUNITY
broad range of microbes Slower responses to
specific microbes
External defenses Internal defenses
Skin Phagocytic cells
Mucous membranesAntimicrobial proteins Humoral response
Secretions (antibodies)
Invading Inflammatory response
Natural killer cells Cell-mediated response
microbes
(pathogens) (cytotoxic lymphocytes)
SMAN PLUS general
Is response to anything
present before other than
any exposure recognizedand
to pathogens “selfiscells”
PROPINSI RIAU
Jl. Lingkar Kubang effective from the time of birth
Raya
PO. Box 1447- Involves nonspecific responses to pathogens
Pekanbaru
1. Mechanical Barricade
System/Organ Cell type Mechanism
Physical barrier
Skin Squamous epithelium
Desquamation
Non-ciliated epithelium
Peristalsis
(e.g. GI tract)
Ciliated epithelium
Mucous Mucociliary elevator
(e.g. respiratory tract)
Membranes
Flushing action of
Epithelium
tears, saliva, mucus,
(e.g. nasopharynx)
urine
Kind of
Body Immunity
2. Chemical Barricade
System or Organ Component Mechanism
Anti-microbial fatty
Skin Sweat
acids
SMAN PLUS
PROPINSI RIAU Low pH
Jl. Lingkar Kubang HCl (parietal cells)
Raya Lysozyme and
Tears and saliva
PO. Box 1447- phospholipase A
Pekanbaru Mucous Membranes
Defensins
Antimicrobial
(respiratory & GI tract)
Surfactants (lung) Opsonin
3. Complementary System
Effect Function
Can stick microorganism with leucocytes so it
Opsinon
simplify for the occurrence of phagocytosis.
Chemotoxin Attract leucocytes to infection region
Making Holes Killing microorganism
Hystamin produces the widening of blood vessel
Hystamin
(vasodilatation) and capillary permeability to protein
Has function like hystamin and it can stimulate the
Kind of
Chinin
end of pain and itchy receptors.
Body Immunity
SMAN PLUS
PROPINSI RIAU
Jl. Lingkar Kubang
Raya
PO. Box 1447-
Pekanbaru
Kind of
Body Immunity
specific counter-assault against a “known foreign” invader
SMAN PLUS
PROPINSI RIAU [previously recognized]
Also called acquired immunity
Jl. Lingkar Kubang
Raya Develops only after exposure to inducing agents such as
PO. Box 1447- microbes, toxins, or other foreign substances
Pekanbaru
Involves a very specific response to pathogens
Kind of
Body Immunity
B cell receptors
– Bind to specific, intact antigens
– Are often called membrane antibodies or
SMAN PLUS
PROPINSI RIAU membrane immunoglobulins
Jl. Lingkar Kubang
Raya Antigen- Antigen-
binding binding site
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Pekanbaru
site V Disulfide
bridge
V
V
Variable
V
Light
chain regions
C
C
Constant
C C regions
Transmembrane
region
Plasma
membrane
Heavy chains
Kind of
Body Immunity
SMAN PLUS
PROPINSI RIAU
Jl. Lingkar Kubang
Raya
PO. Box 1447-
Pekanbaru
Kind of
Body Immunity
Each T cell receptor
– Consists of two different polypeptide chains
SMAN PLUS
PROPINSI RIAU Antigen-
Jl. Lingkar Kubang Binding site
Raya
PO. Box 1447-
Pekanbaru Variable
regions
Constant V V
regions
C C
Transmembrane
region
Plasma β chain
membrane α chain
Disulfide bridge
Cytoplasm of T cell T cell
Kind of
Body Immunity
SMAN PLUS
PROPINSI RIAU
Jl. Lingkar Kubang
Raya
PO. Box 1447-
Pekanbaru
Kind of
Body Immunity
Kinds of T-cell
SMAN PLUS 1. Destroyer T-Cell
PROPINSI RIAU •Bonding itself with antigen secreting a lyphotoxin, destroy that antigen so causes
Jl. Lingkar Kubang death in that microorganism.
Raya
•Producing a lymphotoxin protein to strengthen phagocytosis the power of
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Pekanbaru macrophage to the infection region.
4. Memory T-Cell
Recall antigen that has entered body and stronger secondary response from that
memory T-cell shows that someone that has immunity to certain disease.
5. Amplifier T-Cell
Strengthen the works of T4, T8 and plasma cell.
6. Hypersensitive T-Cell
Kind of Produced lympoxin that is related with allergic reaction.
Body Immunity
SMAN PLUS
PROPINSI RIAU
Jl. Lingkar Kubang
Raya
PO. Box 1447-
Pekanbaru
IMMUNITY
SMAN PLUS
PROPINSI RIAU
Jl. Lingkar Kubang
Raya
PO. Box 1447-
Pekanbaru
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
(AIDS)
SMAN PLUS
PROPINSI RIAU Caused by HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus), it eventually
Jl. Lingkar Kubang destroys the body’s ability to fight infection.
Raya
PO. Box 1447- HIV infects T-helper cells with often a long incubation of up to
Pekanbaru
10 years
AIDS name applied during advanced stages of disease
After immune system destroyed, opportunistic infections occur.
Epidemic throughout much of the world
14,000 people are infected with the AIDS virus every day
HIV is the virus that causes AIDS and that is transmitted mainly
in blood and semen
Allergy (Hypersensitive)
SMAN PLUS
PROPINSI RIAU
Allergies are abnormal sensitivities to allergens in
Jl. Lingkar Kubang the surroundings
Raya
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Pekanbaru
B cell
(plasma cell)
Histamine
Antigenic Mast
determinant cell
SMAN PLUS
PROPINSI RIAU
Jl. Lingkar Kubang
Raya
PO. Box 1447-
Pekanbaru