CHPT 5

STRESS AND SAFETY

MM/FS/CK/ZH - OSH 1 (PH 3083)

Workplace Stress Defined

A pathological, and therefore generally undesirable human reaction to psychological, social, occupational or environmental stimuli. Reaction of the human organism to a threatening situation. The stressor is an external stimuli and the stress is the response of the human body to this stimuli. Workplace/job stress as the harmful physical and emotional responses that occur when the requirements of excessive demands, poor supervision or conflicting demands. MM/FS/CK/ZH - OSH 1 (PH 3083)

Sources of Workplace Stress

On the job stress Physical working conditions Work overload Role ambiguity Lack of feedback Personality Personal and family problems Role conflict

MM/FS/CK/ZH - OSH 1 (PH 3083)

Sources of Workplace Stress

Workplace stress Task ambiguity Control Feeling of responsibility Job security Workload demands Psychological support Environmental safety
MM/FS/CK/ZH - OSH 1 (PH 3083)

Human Reactions to Workplace Stress

Human reactions to workplace stress may be grouped into
a. b. c. d. e. Subjective/emotional (anxiety, aggression, guilt) Behavioral (being prone to accidents, trembling) Cognitive ( inability to concentrate or make decision) Physiological (increased heart rate, blood pressure) Organizational (absenteeism and poor productivity)

MM/FS/CK/ZH - OSH 1 (PH 3083)

MM/FS/CK/ZH - OSH 1 (PH 3083)

Human Stress Response

M. Selye identified three stages a. Alarm b. Resistance c. Exhaustion

MM/FS/CK/ZH - OSH 1 (PH 3083)

Relationship Between Work and Personal Stress

Work Related Stress Personal Stress

Working hours Job goals Tension Meetings Job difficulties

Unsatisfactory job Telephone calls Work call (on-duty) Dignity Threat Shame Personal health

MM/FS/CK/ZH - OSH 1 (PH 3083)

Symptoms of Work Stress

1. Physical Symptoms Breathing quickly Dried throat Hands shivering Body temperature raises Headache Feeling uncomfortable Restless

MM/FS/CK/ZH - OSH 1 (PH 3083)

2. Attitude (generally ) Divided into three: a. Feelings Worried @ sulking Feel like being betrayed Misunderstanding Not able to solve problem

MM/FS/CK/ZH - OSH 1 (PH 3083)

b. Difficulties Difficult to concentrate in job given Difficult to think Difficult to make decisions c. Lost Lost of creativity Loss of interest Give up Interaction between individuals differ hilangan minat
MM/FS/CK/ZH - OSH 1 (PH 3083)

3. Attitude ( workplace ) Stress arise cause of: Low job satisfaction level Decrease in job performance Loss of working energy Loss of interest in communication Making weak decisions No creativity and innovations Concentration on non productive jobs and responsibilities
MM/FS/CK/ZH - OSH 1 (PH 3083)

Measurement of Workplace Stress

1. Subjective Ratings 2. Behavioral time sharing 3. Psycho physiological techniques

MM/FS/CK/ZH - OSH 1 (PH 3083)

Impact of Work stress

Stage 1 Lost of energy and concentration Having doubts about personal capabilities Unsettled feelings Overloading with extra works Stage 2 Tired and worries arise Start to blame people Feeling like betrayed
MM/FS/CK/ZH - OSH 1 (PH 3083)

Stage 3 Anger controls the individual Dignity affected Problem feelings increase Less commitment to own self Feeling of responsible decreases Stage 4 Giving up on the problem Personal health affected Feeling of failure conquers the individual High level of stress on the individual

MM/FS/CK/ZH - OSH 1 (PH 3083)

MM/FS/CK/ZH - OSH 1 (PH 3083)

Stress Management
Investigate the root cause of the stress Avoid stress Involve in interested activities Exercise Organize daily job routine Rest Balance Diet Social support system Professional support Music Holiday/Vacation Enough Sleep Religious Activities
MM/FS/CK/ZH - OSH 1 (PH 3083)

MM/FS/CK/ZH - OSH 1 (PH 3083)

Stress Management Islamic Perspective

Jiwa yang sihat Benteng kekuatan Kurangkan tekanan Ubat yang mujarab: Amalan seharian Muslim Persaingan sihat Masalah dalaman Boleh dikawal

MM/FS/CK/ZH - OSH 1 (PH 3083)

Northwestern National Life Insurance Company Stress Mgt Management recognizes workplace stress and takes steps regularly to reduce this stress Mental health benefits are provided in the employees health insurance coverage Employer has a formal employee communication program The employees are given information on how to cope up with stress Workers have current, accurate and clear job descriptions Management and employees talk openly with one another Employees are free to talk with each other during work Employers offer exercise and other stress reduction classes Employees are recognized and rewarded for their contributions Work rules are published and are the same for everyone Child care programs are available MM/FS/CK/ZH - OSH 1 (PH 3083)

Northwestern National Life Insurance Company Stress Mgt Employees can work flexible hours Perks are granted fairly based on a persons level in the organization Workers have the training and technology access that they need Employers encourage work and personal support groups Workers have a place and time to relax during the work day Elder care programs are available Employees work spaces are not crowded Workers can put up personal items in their work areas Management appreciates humor in the workplace

MM/FS/CK/ZH - OSH 1 (PH 3083)

Smith ( 1994)
Match workload and pace to the training and abilities of employees Make an effort to match work schedules with the personal lives of employees Clearly define work roles Before giving employees additional duties beyond their normal work roles, make sure they receive the necessary training Promote teamwork among employees and encourage it throughout the organization Involve employees in making decisions that affect them Inform employees in a timely manner of organizational changes that might affect them
MM/FS/CK/ZH - OSH 1 (PH 3083)

MM/FS/CK/ZH - OSH 1 (PH 3083)