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Airborne sound
The sound generated directly into the air
Structure-borne sound
The sound produced by sources which act directly on the structure is called structure-borne sound.
i) point source
ii) the source radiates acoustic energy uniformly and radially outwards. It is often convenient to express the sound output from a source in terms of sound power level, Lw.
Example 1:
Obtain an expression for sound intensity at a distance r from a source placed on hard reflecting ground. Average sound intensity at a distance r from the source,
I = W/2 r2
L = Lw 20 log r -8
Example2:
Obtain an expression for sound intensity at a distance r from a sound source placed on soft absorbing ground. I = (W/2) / 2r2
L = Lw 20 log r - 11
Example 3:
Two sounds of power 4W & 8W are produced at ground level at a distance of 6m and 7m respectively from a point of observation. If the ground is unobstructed and non-absorbing what will be the
Answer
L = Lw 20 log r - 11
I = W / 2rl
where W acoustic power per unit length
L = Lw 10 log r 8
Example
Calculate the reduction of sound level for doubling of the distance
Answer
For every doubling of distance the sound level is reduced by 3 dB.
ways.
i) the source has a finite size ii) it may radiate different amounts of acoustic
from source.
The region close to a real source (such as a machine) is called the near sound field or simply the
near field.
In the near field sound radiating from the various portions of the source combine in a complex way. It is difficult to predict local vibrations (how it varies with distance) in sound intensity near to the source.
L Vs log(r)
Ideally a minimum distance of 1 or 2 wavelengths or 1 or 2 machine lengths from the source is taken as the far field (whichever is the greater).
The directionality of a sound source may be described terms of a directivity factor, Q defined as , Q = (sound..) / (avg sound intensity)
in
Reference book:
Acoustics and noise control
2nd edition B J Smith, R J Peters and S Owen
Practical schedule
3 Practical 2 - Outdoors 1 Industrial visit Assignments: Three (3) in-class assignments, each carry 10 marks. 3 for performance 7 for assignment