IRRIGATION ENGINEERING

Prof . Sandip Ajmire M. Tech.

UNIT - I
AS PER RTMNU NAGPUR

POINTS TO BE COVERED
1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 DEFINATION NECESSITY SCOPE OF IRRIGATION SCIENCE BENEFITS OF IRRIGATION ILL-EFFECTS OF IRRIGATION TYPES OF IRRIGATION

1.1 DEFINATION
Irrigation may be defined as the process of artificially supplying water to soil for raising crops.

1.2 NECESSITY
LESS RAINFALL NON UNIFORM RAIN FALL COMMERTIAL CROPS WITH ADDITINOL WATER CONTROLLED WATER SUPPLY

1.2 NECESSITY
LESS RAINFALL When the total rainfall is less than the needed for the crop, artificial supply is necessary. Water is convey from more water available area to low intensity. Indira Gandhi canal in Rajasthan.

1.2 NECESSITY
NON UNIFORM RAIN FALL The rainfall in a particular area may not be uniform over the crop period . During the early periods of the crops, rain may be there, but no water is available at the end, at the end of season.

1.2 NECESSITY
COMMERTIAL CROPS WITH ADDITINOL WATER The rain fall may be sufficient for traditional crop. But crops like sugarcane need more water for growth than traditional crop.

1.3 SCOPE OF IRRIGATION SCIENCE

ENGINEERING ASPECT AGRICULTURAL ASPECT

1.3 SCOPE OF IRRIGATION SCIENCE

ENGINEERING ASPECT Storage, Diversion, or lifting of water Conveyance of water to the Agricultural fields Application of water to agricultural fields Drainage & relieving water logging Developing of water power.

1.3 SCOPE OF IRRIGATION SCIENCE

AGRICULTURAL ASPECT Proper depth of water necessary in single application of water for various crops. Distribution of water uniform & periodically. Capacities of difrent soil for irrigation water flow of water in soil .

1.4 BENEFITS OF IRRIGATION

Increase in food production Protection from famine Cultivation of cash crops Addition to the wealth of country Increase in prosperity of people Genration of Hydro-Electric power Domastic & Industrial power supply Inland Navigation

1.4 BENEFITS OF IRRIGATION

Improvement of comunication Canal Plantations Improvement in the Ground water storage Aid in civilisation General Devlopment of the country.

1.5 ILL-EFFECTS OF IRRIGATION

Breeding places of mosquitoes Water Logging Damp clymate

Types of Irrigation
Lift Irrigation

Direct IRRIGATIO N

Storage IRRIGATION

Combined Irrigation

Perinal Irrigation
Water stored in Dams, Barrages, wires for supplying water throughout season

Induction irrigation
Induction Irrigation is carried out by Deep Flooding and Through saturation of land to be cultivated which is the drained off prior to the planting of crop. Depending upon the source from which water is drawn , flow irrigation is sub-divided Combined Direct Storage
IRRIGA TION IRRIGATION Irrigation

Sub Surface Irrigation

The Sub Surface Irrigation method consists of supplying water directly to the root zone of the crop. Favorable conditions Good quality of water Moderate slope Impervious Sub-Soil at reasonable depth Sandy loam or loam soil

Sprinkler Irrigation
Method consist on artificial rain to crop or garden . Method is more useful where 1.Land can not be prepared for surface method 2.Slopes are excessive 3.Topography is irreguler 4.Soil is erosive 5.Depth of soil is shallow over gravel

Sprinkler Irrigation
Types 1.Permanent system 2.Semi- Permanent system 3.Portable system

Advantages of sprinkling system

1. Erosion can be controlled 2. Uniform application for water is possible 3. Irrigation is better controlled 4. Land preparation is not necessary 5. less water is used 6. Time and amount of fertilizer can controlled 7. Crop damaged from frost can be

Limitation sprinkling system

1. Wind may be distort sprinkling pattern 2. A constant water supply is needed for commercial use of equipment. 3. Water must be free from sand. 4. The power required is high. 5. Heavy soil with poor intake cannot be irrigated

Efficiency
80% of efficiency is possible.

Drip irrigation
In drip irrigation, also known as trickle irrigation water is applied in the form of drops directly near the base of the plant. Solution of fertilizer can introduce .

Arrangement of drip irrigation

1. A pump to lift water 2. A head tank to maintain pressure . 3. Central distribution system for equal pressure distribution 4. Mains and secondary lines polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride or alkathayline material. 5. Trickle lines consisting of 10 to 20 mm dia of PVC.

Advantages of drip irrigation

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Less requirement of irrigation water. Water at optimum level. Water logging avoided. High yield Cultivation of cash crops. No over irrigation Variation in application rate. Weed control Increase net irrigable area

Advantages of drip irrigation contd.

10.Nutrient preservation 11.Effective pest control 12.Reduce labor cost 13.No soil erosion 14.Suitability of saline water 15.Maintence of high surface temperature 16.Suitable for any topography

Disadvantages of drip irrigation contd.

1. 2. 3. 4. High initial cost. Danger of blocked of nozzels Change in spacing of nozzeles. Shallow root zone depth.