Double Lesson

Conduction and Convection

09/07/2013

Aim: To explain the processes of conduction and convection Starter: Touch all of the following objects in the lab Which is the coolest and hottest? Shirt Stand Bunsen Tube Bunsen Chimney Bench Chair Leg
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Heating and Cooling

insulator a material that is hard for heat energy to flow through. conductor a material that is easy for heat energy to flow through due to its free electrons fluid a liquid or gas Conduction heat travelling by particles colliding together. Main heat transfer mechanism in solids. Fluids make bad conductors Convection Currents Main heat transfer mechanism in liquids

In your own words explain convection currents In your own words explain convection currents In your own words explain convection currents In your own words explain convection currents

Radiation Heat energy transfer by Infra Red electromagnetic waves (like visible light) Does not need particles and is thus the only heat transfer mechanism in a vacuum

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Conductors can be compared to see which is the best.

The faster the heat travels through the rod the quicker the pins will drop. Rod 1 Rod 2

Wax melts and tells us that the heat has arrived

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What happens when copper and steel are heated

Both steel and copper are good conductors. They are both metals and all metals are good conductors. Conduction of heat
Steel Copper

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What happens when copper and glass are heated?

Glass will conduct heat but it is a non-metal. Non-metals are poor conductors (insulators).

Conduction of heat
glass Copper

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Conduction

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Particle model for conduction

As the solid gets hotter the particles vibrate faster. These extra vibrations are passed along the rod. This is how the heat spreads and we call this CONDUCTION
Hot Cold

NON-METAL

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Positive ions pass the energy on by collision Metals also have free electrons

Particle model for the best conductors

METAL

The free electrons move through the metal and help conduction.
The electrons pass on energy by colliding with the ions (and other electrons)

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Heating and Cooling

insulator a material that is hard for heat energy to flow through. conductor a material that is easy for heat energy to flow through due to its free electrons fluid a liquid or gas Conduction heat travelling by particles colliding together. Main heat transfer mechanism in solids. Fluids make bad conductors Convection Currents Main heat transfer mechanism in liquids

In your own words explain convection currents In your own words explain convection currents In your own words explain convection currents In your own words explain convection currents

Radiation Heat energy transfer by Infra Red electromagnetic waves (like visible light) Does not need particles and is thus the only heat transfer mechanism in a vacuum

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Conduction in Fluids

A fluid is a liquid or a gas Fluids do not conduct well Demo Boiling water in your hand

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Demos

2 gas jars with hot water Convection Loop

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Heating a Gas

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Look at this particle model of a liquid

How does the particle motion compare with solids? How will heat spread through a liquid?

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 particles become hot gain kinetic energy spread out

particles cool down lose kinetic energy move closer

Particles in a small region of water less dense water rises (floats up)

more dense water falls (sinks down)

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Convection

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Heating and Cooling

insulator a material that is hard for heat energy to flow through. conductor a material that is easy for heat energy to flow through due to its free electrons fluid a liquid or gas Conduction heat travelling by particles colliding together. Main heat transfer mechanism in solids. Fluids make bad conductors Convection Currents Main heat transfer mechanism in fluids

In a paragraph or a set a notes explain convection currents

Radiation Heat energy transfer by Infra Red electromagnetic waves (like visible light) Does not need particles and is thus the only heat transfer mechanism in a vacuum

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Convection Currents in Kettles

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Tea Bag Demo

Remove all the tea leaves Light the top of the bag

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Think how heat will spread in these diagrams

Heat Heat
Which way will the paddle wheels move?

Heat

Heat

Heat
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Answers

Heat Heat
clockwise anti-clockwise

Heat

Heat

Heat
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Sea Breeze

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Conduction and Convection

recap

Aim: To explain the processes of conduction and convection

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Radiation and Insulation

09/07/2013

Aim: To explain the processes of radiation To identify the main mechanisms of insulation Starter: How many senses do you have? Can you feel where the sun is with your eyes closed?

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How does heat get to us from the sun?

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Some examples of Infra Red

Movie - Walking in Woodland Man in Chair Movie - Firemen

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Heating and Cooling

insulator a material that is hard for heat energy to flow through. conductor a material that is easy for heat energy to flow through due to its free electrons fluid a liquid or gas Conduction heat travelling by particles colliding together. Main heat transfer mechanism in solids. Fluids make bad conductors Convection Currents Main heat transfer mechanism in liquids In your own words explain convection currents Radiation Heat energy transfer by Infra Red electromagnetic waves (like visible light) Does not need particles and is thus the only heat transfer mechanism in a vacuum Black matt objects absorb and emit the most infra red radiation Shiny white objects absorb and emit the least infra red radiation
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Mini Practical

Wrap a dark piece of foil around one hand and a light one around the other Which hand gets hot first when held near to a Bunsen?

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Investigating thermal absorption

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Investigating thermal emission

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Heating and Cooling

insulator a material that is hard for heat energy to flow through. conductor a material that is easy for heat energy to flow through due to its free electrons fluid a liquid or gas Conduction heat travelling by particles colliding together. Main heat transfer mechanism in solids. Fluids make bad conductors Convection Currents Main heat transfer mechanism in liquids In your own words explain convection currents Radiation Heat energy transfer by Infra Red electromagnetic waves (like visible light) Does not need particles and is thus the only heat transfer mechanism in a vacuum Black matt objects absorb and emit the most infra red radiation Shiny white objects absorb and emit the least infra red radiation
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Infrared radiation true or false?

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Which type of heat transfer?

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Insulation

Charlie forgot to take the chicken out of the freezer last night! Will his plan to defrost the chicken in time for lunch work?

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Effective Insulators

Think about the following effective insulating materials What do they have in common? Why are they good insulators?
Duvet filling Hair Expanded polystyrene Cotton

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Insulation

Insulation will slow down heat flow Keep cold things cold and hot things hot Some materials make good insulators (e.g. ceramics) Most insulators are improved by: trapping pockets of air pockets are too small for convection currents air is a bad conductor

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How does a vacuum flask work?

How is a vacuum flask able to keep hot drinks hot and cold drinks cold? 2. The plastic (or cork) lid is an insulator and the screw top prevents convection currents escaping from the flask. 1. There is a vacuum between two layers of glass or steel, which prevents heat leaving or entering by conduction. 3. The walls have silvery surfaces, which prevent heat leaving or entering by radiation.
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Movie

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Multiple-choice quiz

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Insulation
Aims

recap

Identify that gases are poor conductors of heat. Investigate the best way to insulate a test tube of hot water.

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Insulating Homes

09/07/2013

Aim To name methods of insulating housing To state what types of heat transfer they prevent To explain how they work

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Anagrams

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Losing Energy
We lose energy from the roof, the door, the walls and the windows. In order to reduce electricity bills and pollution, we need to keep energy losses from our homes to a minimum.

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Home Insulation

As we go through the next few slides complete the table below Dont copy the words on the slides, read and summarise Heat transfer How? mechanism prevented Convection Radiation

Method Curtain

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Curtains

Curtains reduce draughts [convection currents] leaving the house. They are opaque and so dont allow much radiated heat to pass through them.
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Home Insulation

As we go through the next few slides complete the table below Dont copy the words on the slides, read and summarise Heat transfer How? mechanism prevented Convection Radiation They reduce draughts (convection currents) Opaque so prevent IR travelling out

Method Curtain

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Double Glazing
A great deal of energy is lost through windows. By adding an extra pane, the trapped air in between acts as an insulator to reduce heat loss by

conduction.

The insulating effect of the gap can be improved further by sucking all the air out to create a vacuum.

Double glazing is expensive and difficult to smash without a special hammer.

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Cavity Wall Insulation

Most outside walls have an empty space between the 2 layers of bricks called a cavity. This reduces heat loss by conduction through the bricks. Cavity wall foam insulation is pumped in between the bricks to prevent convection within the cavity.

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Loft Insulation
The air heated by central heating is less dense than the cooler air around it and rises.

The ceilings get heated and eventually the heat escapes through the roof.
Loft insulation contains trapped air which forms an insulating layer between the rooms and the attic.

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Radiators
Radiators heat the wall a great deal - this wastes heat energy. Placing shiny silver coated card between the wall and the radiator reduces heat loss by radiation by reflecting it back into the room.

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Draught Excluders
Draughts are convection currents. A great deal of heat energy is lost in this way but it is the easiest type to prevent. Draught excluders are hairy or spongy strips which close gaps and prevent the convection currents escaping.

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Insulation and heat transfer

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Insulation and heat loss true or false?

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Sim Energy

We will be going to the computer room to play sim energy The program is in year 10\teachers\physics\sim energy Double click on sim energy.exe Flat Semi-Detatched Detatched

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Movie: Arctic Clothing

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Keeping Warm

recap

Aim To name methods of insulating housing To state what types of heat transfer they prevent To explain how they work Plenary Whiteboards types, methods and mechanisms

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