Project Scheduling

Managing Project Processes
To Accompany Krajewski & Ritzman Operations Management: Strategy and Analysis, Sixth Edition 2002 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved.
Activity Relationships
Activity Relationship
S precedes T, which precedes U.
AOA
S 1 2 T 3 U 4
AON
S and T must be completed before U can be started.
AOA
1 S U T 2 3 4
AON
S U T
T and U cannot begin until S has been completed.
AOA
T 2 U 4 3 S
AON
T
S 1
U and V cannot begin until both S and T have been completed.
AOA
1 S U 3 4 S
AON
U
T
2
V
5 T V
U cannot begin until both S and T have been completed; V cannot begin until T has been completed.
AOA
S 1 T 2 3 U 5 S
AON
U
Dummy V 4 6
T and U cannot begin until S has been completed; V cannot begin until both T and U have been completed.
AOA
S
1 2 Dummy 3
AON
V
4 5 S T V
U U
Activity A B C D E F
Description
Immediate Predecessor(s) A B B A C D A E,G,H F,I,J
G H I J K
Select administrative and medical staff. Select site and do site survey. Select equipment. Prepare final construction plans and layout. Bring utilities to the site. Interview applicants and fill positions in nursing, support staff, maintenance, and security. Purchase and take delivery of equipment. Construct the hospital. Develop an information system. Install the equipment. Train nurses and support staff.
Activity Description AON Network A Select administrative and medical staff. B Select site and do site survey. A C Select equipment. D Prepare final construction plans and layout. E Bring utilities to the site. F Interview Start applicants and fill positions in nursing, support staff, maintenance, and security. G Purchase and take delivery of equipment. H Construct the hospital. I Develop and information system. J Install the equipment. K Train nurses and support staff.
Activity Description AON Network A Select administrative and medical staff. B Select site and do site survey. A C Select equipment. D Prepare final construction plans and layout. E Bring utilities to the site. F Interview Start applicants and fill positions in nursing, support staff, maintenance, and security. G Purchase and take delivery of equipment. H Construct the B hospital. I Develop and information system. J Install the equipment. K Train nurses and support staff.
Activity Description AON Network A Select administrative and medical staff. B Select site and do site survey. A C Select equipment. D Prepare final construction plans and layout. E Bring utilities to the site. F Interview and fill positions in nursing, Start applicants C support staff, maintenance, and security. G Purchase and take delivery of equipment. H Construct the B hospital. I Develop and information system. J Install the equipment. K Train nurses and support staff.
Activity Description AON Network A Select administrative and medical staff. B Select site and do site survey. A C Select equipment. D Prepare final construction plans and layout. E Bring utilities to the site. F Interview and fill positions in nursing, Start applicants C support staff, maintenance, and security. G Purchase and take delivery of equipment. H Construct the D B hospital. I Develop and information system. J Install the equipment. K Train nurses and support staff.
Activity Description AON Network A Select administrative and medical staff. B Select site and do site survey. A C Select equipment. D Prepare final construction plans and layout. E Bring utilities to the site. F Interview and fill positions in nursing, Start applicants C support staff, maintenance, and security. G Purchase and take delivery of equipment. H Construct the D B hospital. I Develop and information system. J Install the equipment. K Train nurses and support staff. E
Activity Description AON Network A Select administrative and medical staff. B Select site and do site survey. A F C Select equipment. D Prepare final construction plans and layout. E Bring utilities to the site. F Interview and fill positions in nursing, Start applicants C support staff, maintenance, and security. G Purchase and take delivery of equipment. H Construct the D B hospital. I Develop and information system. J Install the equipment. K Train nurses and support staff. E
Activity Description AON Network A Select administrative and medical staff. B Select site and do site survey. A F C Select equipment. D Prepare final construction plans and layout. E Bring utilities to the site. F Interview and fillG positions in nursing, Start applicants C support staff, maintenance, and security. G Purchase and take delivery of equipment. H Construct the D B hospital. I Develop and information system. J Install the equipment. K Train nurses and support staff. E
Activity Description AON Network A Select administrative and medical staff. B Select site and do site survey. A F C Select equipment. D Prepare final construction plans and layout. E Bring utilities to the site. F Interview and fillG positions in nursing, Start applicants C support staff, maintenance, and security. G Purchase and take delivery of equipment. H Construct the D B hospital. H I Develop and information system. J Install the equipment. K Train nurses and support staff. E
Activity Description AON Network I A Select administrative and medical staff. B Select site and do site survey. A F C Select equipment. D Prepare final construction plans and layout. E Bring utilities to the site. F Interview and fillG positions in nursing, Start applicants C support staff, maintenance, and security. G Purchase and take delivery of equipment. H Construct the D B hospital. H I Develop and information system. J Install the equipment. K Train nurses and support staff. E
Activity Description AON Network I A Select administrative and medical staff. B Select site and do site survey. A F C Select equipment. D Prepare final construction plans and layout. E Bring utilities to the site. F Interview and fillG positions in nursing, Start applicants C support staff, maintenance, and security. G Purchase and take delivery of equipment. H Construct the D B hospital. H J I Develop and information system. J Install the equipment. K Train nurses and support staff. E
Activity Description AON Network I A Select administrative and medical staff. B Select site and do site survey. A F K C Select equipment. D Prepare final construction plans and layout. E Bring utilities to the site. F Interview and fillG positions in nursing, Start applicants C support staff, maintenance, and security. G Purchase and take delivery of equipment. H Construct the D B hospital. H J I Develop and information system. J Install the equipment. K Train nurses and support staff. E
Activity Description AON Network I A Select administrative and medical staff. B Select site and do site survey. A F K C Select equipment. D Prepare final construction plans and layout. E Bring utilities to the site. F Interview and fillG positions in nursing, Start applicants Finish C support staff, maintenance, and security. G Purchase and take delivery of equipment. H Construct the D B hospital. H J I Develop and information system. J Install the equipment. K Train nurses and support staff. E
Figure 4.2
Activity Description AOA Network A Select administrative and medical staff. 2 B Select site and do site survey. C Select equipment. D Prepare A final construction plans and layout. E Bring utilities to the site. F Interview Start applicants and fill positions in nursing, 1 staff, maintenance, and security. support G Purchase and take delivery of equipment. H Construct the hospital. I Develop and information system. J Install the equipment. K Train nurses and support staff.
Activity Description AOA Network A Select administrative and medical staff. 2 B Select site and do site survey. C Select equipment. D Prepare A final construction plans and layout. E Bring utilities to the site. F Interview Start applicants and fill positions in nursing, 1 staff, maintenance, and security. support G Purchase and take delivery of equipment. H Construct B the hospital. I Develop and information system. J Install the equipment. 4 support staff. K Train nurses and
Activity Description AOA Network A Select administrative and medical staff. 2 B Select site and do site survey. C C Select equipment. D Prepare A final construction plans and layout. 3 the site. E Bring utilities to F Interview Start applicants and fill positions in nursing, 1 staff, maintenance, and security. support G Purchase and 5 take delivery of equipment. H Construct B the hospital. I Develop and information system. D J Install the equipment. 4 support staff. K Train nurses and
Activity Description AOA Network F A Select administrative and medical 8 staff. 2 B Select site and do site survey. I C C Select equipment. D Prepare A final construction plans and layout. 3 the site. 7 E Bring utilities to F Interview and fill positions in nursing, Start applicantsG 1 staff, maintenance, and security. support H G Purchase and 5 take delivery 6 of equipment. H Construct B the hospital. E I Develop and information system. D J Install the equipment. 4 support staff. K Train nurses and
Activity Description AOA Network F A Select administrative and medical 8 staff. 2 B Select site and do site survey. I C C Select equipment. D Prepare A final construction plans and layout. 3 the site. 7 J E Bring utilities to F Interview and fill positions in nursing, Start applicantsG 1 staff, maintenance, and security. support H G Purchase and 5 take delivery 6 of equipment. H Construct B the hospital. E I Develop and information system. D J Install the equipment. 4 support staff. K Train nurses and
Activity Description AOA Network F A Select administrative and medical 8 staff. 2 B Select site and do site survey. I Dummy C C Select equipment. D Prepare A final construction plans and layout. 3 the site. 7 J E Bring utilities to F Interview and fill positions in nursing, Start applicantsG 1 staff, maintenance, and security. support H G Purchase and 5 take delivery 6 of equipment. H Construct B the hospital. E I Develop and information system. D J Install the equipment. 4 support staff. K Train nurses and
Activity Description AOA Network F A Select administrative and medical 8 staff. 2 B Select site and do site survey. I Dummy C C Select equipment. K A D Prepare final construction plans and layout. 3 the site. 7 J E Bring utilities to F Interview and fill positionsFinish in nursing, Start applicantsG 1 staff, maintenance, and security. support 9 H G Purchase and 5 take delivery 6 of equipment. H Construct B the hospital. E I Develop and information system. D J Install the equipment. 4 support staff. K Train nurses and
Figure 4.3
Activity I Completion Time Description 15 A Select administrative and medical staff. B Select site and do site survey. A F K C Select equipment. 12 10 6 D Prepare final construction plans and layout. E Bring utilities to the site. C G F Interview nursing, Start applicants and fill positions in Finish 10 35 support staff, maintenance, and security. G Purchase and take delivery of equipment. B D H J H Construct the hospital. 9 10 40 4 I Develop and information system. J Install the equipment. E K Train nurses and support staff.
Figure 4.4
24
24
24
24
24
24
Path
Expected Time (wks)
Activity Description I Completion Time A-F-K 28 15 A Select administrative and medical staff. A-I-K 33 B Select site and do site survey. A-C-G-J-K 67 A F K C Select equipment. 12 10 6 B-D-H-J-K 69 D Prepare final B-E-J-K 43 construction plans and layout. E Bring utilities to the site. C G F Interview nursing, Start applicants and fill positions in Finish 10 35 support staff, maintenance, and security. G Purchase and take delivery of equipment. B D H J H Construct the hospital. 9 10 40 4 I Develop and information system. J Install the equipment. E K Train nurses and support staff.
24
Path
Expected Time (wks)
24
Path
Expected Time (wks)
24
I 15
A 12
F 10
G 35
Start
10
Finish
B 9 Earliest Start and Earliest Finish Times
D
10
H 40
J 4
E 24
Earliest start time

0
15
A 12
F 10
G 35
Start
10
Finish
D
10
H 40
J 4
E 24
Earliest start time

0
15
Earliest finish time

K
A 12 12
F 10
G 35
Start
10
Finish
D
10
H 40
J 4
E 24
I 15
A 12 12
F 10
G 35
Start
10
Finish
B 9
D
10
H 40
J 4
9 Earliest Start and Earliest Finish Times
E 24
I 15
A 12 12
F 10
G 35
Start
10
Finish
B 9
D 19
10
H 40
J 4
9 E 33
24
12
I 27 15
A 12 12
12
F 22 10
Start
12
C 22 10
G 35
Finish
B 9
D 19
10
H 40
J 4
9 E 33
24
12
I 27 15
A 12 12
12
F 22 10
Start
12
C 22 10
G 35
Finish
B 9
D 19
10
19
H 59 40
J 4
9 E 33
24
12
I 27 15
A 12 12
12
F 22 10
Start
12
C 22 10
22
G 57 35
Finish
B 9
D 19
10
19
H 59 40
J 4
9 E 33
24
12
I 27 15
A 12 12
12
F 22 10
Start
12
C 22 10
22
G 57 35
Finish
B 9
D 19
10
19
H 59 40
59
J 63 4
9 E 33
24
Earliest start time
12
I 27 15
Earliest finish time
A 12 12
12
F 22 10
63 K 69
Start
Critical path
0
12
C 22 10
22
G 57 35
Finish
B 9
D 19
10
19
H 59 40
59
J 63 4
9 E 33
24
12
I 27 15
A 12 12
12
F 22 10
63 K 69
Start
12
C 22 10
22
G 57 35
Finish
B 9
D 19
10
19
H 59 40
59
J 63 4
9 Latest Start and Latest Finish Times
9 E 33
24
12
I 27 15
A 12 12
12
F 22 10
63 K 69 63 69
Start
12
C 22 10
22
G 57 35
Latest finish time

Finish
B 9
D 19
10
19
H 59 40
59
J 63 4
9 E 33
24
12
I 27 15
A 12 12
12
F 22 10
Latest start time

22
63 K 69 63 69
Start
12
C 22 10
G 57 35
Latest finish time

Finish
B 9
D 19
10
19
H 59 40
59
J 63 4
9 E 33
24
12 27 48 15 63
A 12 12
12 22 53 10 63
63 K 69 63 69
Start
12
C 22 10
22
G 57 35
Finish
B 9
D 19
10
19
H 59 40
59 63 59 4 63
9 E 33
24
12 27 48 15 63
A 12 12
12 22 53 10 63
63 K 69 63 69
Start
12
C 22 10
22 57 24 35 59
Finish
B 9
D 19
10
19 59 19 40 59
59 63 59 4 63
9 E 33 35 24 59
12 27 48 15 63
A 12 12
12 22 53 10 63
63 K 69 63 69
Start
12 22 14 10 24
22 57 24 35 59
Finish
B 9
9 19 9 10 19
19 59 19 40 59
59 63 59 4 63
9 E 33 35 24 59
Earliest start time Latest start time

0 12 2 12 14
12 27 48 15 63
Earliest finish time Latest finish time

63 K 69 63 69
12 22 53 10 63
Start
Critical path
0 0
12 22 14 10 24
22 57 24 35 59
Finish
B 9 9 9
Latest Start and Latest Finish Times
9 19 9 10 19
19 59 19 40 59
59 63 59 4 63
9 E 33 35 24 59
12 27 48 15 63
0 12 2 12 14
12 22 53 10 63
63 K 69 63 69
Start
12 22 14 10 24
22 57 24 35 59
Finish
0 0
B 9 9 9
9 19 9 10 19
19 59 19 40 59
59 63 59 4 63
Activity Slack Analysis
9 E 33 35 24 59
Activity Slack Slack = LS ES or Slack = LF EF

Start
12 27 48 15 63
0 12 2 12 14
12 22 53 10 63
63 K 69 63 69
12 22 14 10 24
22 57 24 35 59
Finish
0 0
B 9 9 9
9 19 9 10 19
19 59 19 40 59
59 63 59 4 63
9 E 33 35 24 59
Activity Slack SlackK = 63 63 or SlackK = 69 69

Start
12 27 48 15 63
0 12 2 12 14
12 22 53 10 63
63 K 69 63 69
12 22 14 10 24
22 57 24 35 59
Finish
0 0
B 9 9 9
9 19 9 10 19
19 59 19 40 59
59 63 59 4 63
9 E 33 35 24 59
Activity Slack SlackK = 0 or SlackK = 0

Start
12 27 48 15 63
0 12 2 12 14
12 22 53 10 63
63 K 69 63 69
12 22 14 10 24
22 57 24 35 59
Finish
0 0
B 9 9 9
9 19 9 10 19
19 59 19 40 59
59 63 59 4 63
9 E 33 35 24 59
Node Duration ES A B C D E F G H I J K 12 9 10 10 24 10 35 40 15 4 6 0 0 12 9 9 12 22 19 12 59 Start 63
LS 2 0 14 9 35 53 24 19 48 59 63
Slack 2 0 2 0 26 A 12 0 41 2 12 14 2 0 36 0 0
B 9 9 9
12 27 48 15 63
12 22 53 10 63
63 K 69 63 69
12 22 14 10 24
22 57 24 35 59
Finish
0 0
9 19 9 10 19
19 59 19 40 59
59 63 59 4 63
9 E 33 35 24 59
Node Duration ES A B C D E F G H I J K 12 9 10 10 24 10 35 40 15 4 6 0 0 12 9 9 12 22 19 12 59 63
LS 2 0 14 9 35 53 24 19 48 59 63
Slack 2 0 2 0 26 41 2 0 36 0 0
B 9 9 9
12 27 48 15 63
12 22 53 10 63
63 K 69 63 69
12 22 14 10 24
22 57 24 35 59
Finish
0 0
9 19 9 10 19
19 59 19 40 59
59 63 59 4 63
Critical Path
9 E 33 35 24 59
12 27 48 15 63
0 12 2 12 14
12 22 53 10 63
63 K 69 63 69
Start
12 22 14 10 24
22 57 24 35 59
Finish
0 0
B 9 9 9
9 19 9 10 19
19 59 19 40 59
59 63 59 4 63
Critical Path
9 E 33 35 24 59
Project Crashing
Crashing
reducing project time by expending additional resources
Crash time
an amount of time an activity is reduced
Crash cost
cost of reducing activity time
Goal
reduce project duration at minimum cost
Project Crashing: Example
2 8 1
12
4
12
7 4
3 4 6 4
5 4
Project Crashing: Example (cont.)

$7,000 $6,000
Crash cost
$5,000 $4,000
Crashed activity Slope = crash cost per week
$3,000
$2,000 $1,000
Crash time
Normal activity
Normal cost
Normal time
| 2
| 4
| 6
| 8
| 10
| 12
| 14
Weeks
Normal Activity and Crash Data

NORMAL TIME (WEEKS) CRASH TIME (WEEKS) NORMAL COST CRASH COST TOTAL ALLOWABLE CRASH TIME (WEEKS) CRASH COST PER WEEK
ACTIVITY
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
12 8 4 12 4 4 4
7 5 3 9 1 1 3
$3,000 2,000 4,000 50,000 500 500 15,000
$5,000 3,500 7,000 71,000 1,100 1,100 22,000
5 3 1 3 3 3 1
$400 500 3,000 7,000 200 200 7,000
$75,000
$110,700
$500
2 8 1
12
$7000 4
12
$700 7 4 6 4 $200 $500 2 8
Project Duration: 36 weeks
FROM
$400
3 4 $3000
5 4 $200
$7000 4
12
$700
TO
Project Duration: 31 weeks Additional Cost: $2000
1
7
7 4
6 4 $200
$400
3 4
5 4 $200
$3000
Time-Cost Relationship
Crashing costs increase as project duration decreases Indirect costs increase as project duration increases Reduce project length as long as crashing costs are less than indirect costs
Time-Cost Tradeoff
Minimum cost = optimal project time Total project cost Indirect cost Cost ($)
Direct cost Crashing Project duration

Time
Probabilistic Time Estimates
Probability
Time a m Mean

Area under curve between a and b is 99.74%
Probability
3s
3s
Time b
m Mean

A
Activity B Most Optimistic Likely Pessimistic (a) (m) (b) 7 8 15
Start
Finish

A
Start
Finish
7 + 4(8) + 15 te = = 9 weeks 6

A
Start
Finish
7 + 4(8) + 15 te = = 9 weeks 6
s2 =
15 - 7 6
) = 1.78
Time Estimates (wk) Optimistic Activity (a) A B C D E F G H I J K 11 7 5 8 14 6 25 35 10 1 5 Likely (m) 12 8 10 9 25 9 36 40 13 2 6 Pessimistic (b) 13 15 15 16 30 18 41 45 28 15 7
Activity Statistics Expected Variance Time (te ) (s 2 ) 12 9 10 10 24 10 35 40 15 4 6 0.11 1.78 2.78 1.78 7.11 4.00 7.11 2.78 9.00 5.44 0.11
Probabilities Critical Path = B - D - H - J - K T = 72 days TE = 69 days
s2
= (variances of activities)
T TE z= s2
s2
T TE z= s2
s2 = 1.78 + 1.78 + 2.78 + 5.44 + 0.11 = 11.89
s2
T TE z= s2
s2 = 1.78 + 1.78 + 2.78 + 5.44 + 0.11 = 11.89

72 69 z= 11.89
s2
T TE z= s2
s2 = 1.78 + 1.78 + 2.78 + 5.44 + 0.11 = 11.89

72 69 z= = 0.87 11.89
s2
T TE z= s2
s2 = 1.78 + 1.78 + 2.78 + 5.44 + 0.11 = 11.89

72 69 z= = 0.87 11.89
From Appendix 2 Pz = .8078 .81
Probabilities Critical Path Length of = B - D - H T = 72 days

critical path
Probability of meeting the of (variances schedule is 0.8078 Normal distribution: J - K= 69 weeks; Mean s = 3.45 weeks
TE = 69 days
s2
activities)
E of z Probability = 272 exceeding s weeks is 0.1922
T-T
s2 = 1.78 + 1.78 + 2.78 + 5.44 + 0.11 = 11.89

72 - 69 69 72 z= = 0.87 11.89 Project duration (weeks)
Figure 4.12
Probabilities Path = A - C - G - J - K T = 72 days TE = 67 days
s2
T TE z= s2
s2 = 0.11 + 2.78 + 7.11 + 5.44 + 0.11 = 15.55

72 67 z= = 1.27 15.55
From Appendix 2 Pz = .8980 .90
Project Life Cycle

Resource requirements Definition and organization Planning Execution Close out
Start
Time
Finish
Construct a PERT Network from the following set of activities, their precedences requirements and 3 time-estimates of completion time. Compute the slack for each activity and determine the critical path.
Activity
Precedences
Time Estimates (Weeks)
Optimistic
Pessimistic
Most Likely
None
B
C D E F G H I
None
A B C C C, D F, G E
8
7 6 9 10 11 6 4
8
11 6 11 18 11 14 6
8
9 6 10 14 11 10 5
J
K
I
H
3
1
5
1
4
1
Activity Durations (days) Job Co de Immediate Predecessors
Costs in dollars
Job Description
Normal
Crash
Normal
Crash
Remove and disassemble the motor
None
80
100
Clean and paint the frame
40
94
Rewind armature
12
100
184
Replace bearings
70
102
Assemble and install the motor
B, C and D
50
50
The fixed cost per day is $ 20 per day. As a policy the firm does not allow an activity to be crashed by more than a day for fear of poor quality. (Except in case of C which can be crashed by a maximum of 4 days) i. Draw the activity on arc network. ii. Find the optimum project duration.

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Managing Project Processes

Immediate Predecessor(s) A B B A C D A E,G,H F,I,J

Immediate Predecessor(s) A B B A C D A E,G,H F,I,J

Immediate Predecessor(s) A B B A C D A E,G,H F,I,J

Immediate Predecessor(s) A B B A C D A E,G,H F,I,J

Immediate Predecessor(s) A B B A C D A E,G,H F,I,J

Immediate Predecessor(s) A B B A C D A E,G,H F,I,J

Immediate Predecessor(s) A B B A C D A E,G,H F,I,J

Immediate Predecessor(s) A B B A C D A E,G,H F,I,J

Immediate Predecessor(s) A B B A C D A E,G,H F,I,J

Immediate Predecessor(s) A B B A C D A E,G,H F,I,J

Immediate Predecessor(s) A B B A C D A E,G,H F,I,J

Immediate Predecessor(s) A B B A C D A E,G,H F,I,J

Immediate Predecessor(s) A B B A C D A E,G,H F,I,J

Immediate Predecessor(s) A B B A C D A E,G,H F,I,J

Immediate Predecessor(s) A B B A C D A E,G,H F,I,J

Immediate Predecessor(s) A B B A C D A E,G,H F,I,J

Immediate Predecessor(s) A B B A C D A E,G,H F,I,J

Immediate Predecessor(s) A B B A C D A E,G,H F,I,J

Immediate Predecessor(s) A B B A C D A E,G,H F,I,J

Immediate Predecessor(s) A B B A C D A E,G,H F,I,J

Immediate Predecessor(s) A B B A C D A E,G,H F,I,J

Immediate Predecessor(s) A B B A C D A E,G,H F,I,J

Immediate Predecessor(s) A B B A C D A E,G,H F,I,J

Immediate Predecessor(s) A B B A C D A E,G,H F,I,J

Immediate Predecessor(s) A B B A C D A E,G,H F,I,J

Immediate Predecessor(s) A B B A C D A E,G,H F,I,J

Expected Time (wks)

Immediate Predecessor(s) A B B A C D A E,G,H F,I,J

Expected Time (wks)

Immediate Predecessor(s) A B B A C D A E,G,H F,I,J

Expected Time (wks)

Immediate Predecessor(s) A B B A C D A E,G,H F,I,J

B 9 Earliest Start and Earliest Finish Times

Earliest start time

B 9 Earliest Start and Earliest Finish Times

Earliest start time

Earliest finish time

B 9 Earliest Start and Earliest Finish Times

9 Earliest Start and Earliest Finish Times

9 Earliest Start and Earliest Finish Times

9 Earliest Start and Earliest Finish Times

9 Earliest Start and Earliest Finish Times

9 Earliest Start and Earliest Finish Times

9 Earliest Start and Earliest Finish Times

Earliest start time

Earliest finish time

9 Earliest Start and Earliest Finish Times

9 Latest Start and Latest Finish Times

Latest finish time

9 Latest Start and Latest Finish Times

Latest start time

Latest finish time

9 Latest Start and Latest Finish Times

9 Latest Start and Latest Finish Times

9 Latest Start and Latest Finish Times

9 Latest Start and Latest Finish Times

Earliest start time Latest start time

Earliest finish time Latest finish time

Latest Start and Latest Finish Times

Activity Slack Analysis

Activity Slack Slack = LS ES or Slack = LF EF

Activity Slack Analysis

Activity Slack SlackK = 63 63 or SlackK = 69 69