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EDU 3101 PHYLOSOPHIES AND EDUCATION IN MALAYSIA

T1 TESL 1

Question
Compare and contrast between curriculum construction theories based on objective model with the process model.

TERMS DEFINITION

Model

is an entity that contains several components (eg. Target groups, learning outcomes, educational experiences, etc which are inter-related.

Functions as a guide to help us take appropriate actions and ensure that the educational goals are

achieved.

CURRICULUM MODELS

OBJECTIVE MODELS

PROCESS MODEL

RALPH TYLER

LAWRENCE STENHOUSE

HILDA TABA

RALPH TYLER
Founder of Tylers Model Born in Chicago, in 1902 Was a teacher. After obtaining his Doctorate, he became the director of the Educational Research Department, Ohio State University. Famous research : Eight-Year Study (1949) Produced a book : Basic Principles of Curriculum Died in 1994 from cancer

4 components:
Objective Content

Organisation

Evaluation

The teaching product (achievement) is the aim of education. Learning outcomes have to be predetermined before the teaching method Other components like content, organisation, and evaluation are regarded as secondary in the T-L process

HILDA TABA
Founder of Tabas Model Born on 1902 An educator or teacher Her contribution is more focused on science social curriculum especially to he development of cognitive concept Involve in the project of EightYear Study with Ralph Tyler Had succeed in creating model of guideline to create curriculum Died on 1967

7 Components
Diagnosis of needs Development of Objectives Selection of educational experiences Selection of Content Organisation of educational experiences

Organisation of Content

Evaluation

LAWRENCE STENHOUSE
Founder of Stenhouses Model Born on 1926 He is well-known as a member of education philosopher especially in education research on curriculum development His contribution encourage research among teachers (teachers as researchers) Hold the position of British Education Researchers Society. Died in 1982

Teaching process has the following characteristics :


Active Dynamic Not something physical Involves the interactions between teachers, pupils and the knowledge to be disseminated

He considered curriculum as
a form of content delivery by educators to a target group in a specific educational institution.

When teachers enter the classroom to teach, they bring along with them :

Lesson plan

Their personality Belief system Values Expectations about pupil achievement

Influence interaction with pupils

Conclusion for Stenhouses Model


Learning outcomes is not a main characteristics of Stenhouses model The teaching objectives and teaching methods are not predetermined. Interaction is so important. Learning process should be the top priority of teachers in the classroom

Objective Model Process Model

SIMILARITIES
TEACHERS GUIDELINE

CONTENT OF T-L

BOTH MODELS HAVE OBJECTIVES AND PROCESS

PLANNING THE LEARNING AND TEACHING PROCESS

TEACHER AS IMPLIMENTOR

DIFFERENCES
OBJECTIVES MODELS

DIFFERENCES

PROCESS MODEL Lawrence Stenhouse

Ralph Tyler Hilda Taba

Founder Fundamental Principle Focus

Based on the objective of T-L

Based on the process and criteria taken

The product of learning is based on the objective aimed

Focus more on implementation process that is gone through by students

OBJECTIVES MODELS Curriculum is too rigid with subjects and exams -need to reach objective aimed More systematic Teachers can plan the T-L based on objective Choose and construct the content

DIFFERENCES

PROCESS MODEL The curriculum is not too rigid to subjects -focus more on the way teachers teach Less systematic Teachers can plan the T-L based on the activities guideline Neglecting the suitable content

Characteristics Advantages to Teachers Content

OBJECTIVES MODELS Objective Content Method Evaluation

DIFFERENCES

PROCESS MODEL Curriculum planning Empirical planning Learning Process

Components of Curriculum Teachers and students opportunities

Not given the chance to suggest the content that is going to be learnt and how to learn it

Given the chance to suggest the content that is going to be learnt and how to learn it

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