Business Functions and Organisation

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How this will work

What makes a good presentation? What do you need to do? Who does what?

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Business Functions
Human Resources Sales and Marketing Research and Development Production/Operations Customer Service Finance and Accounts Administration and IT
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Human Resources
Recruitment and retention

Job descriptions Person Specifications

Dismissal Redundancy Motivation Professional development and training Health and safety and conditions at work Liaison with trade unions
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Sales and Marketing

Market research Promotion strategies Pricing strategies Sales strategies The sales team Product advice on new product development, product improvement, extension strategies, target markets

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Research and Development

New product development Product improvements Competitive advantage Value added Product testing Efficiency gains Cost savings
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Finance and Accounts

Cash flow

Monitoring income/revenue Monitoring expenditure

Preparing accounts Raising finance

Shares Loans

Links with all other functional areas

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Production/Operations
Acquiring resources Planning output labour, capital, land Monitoring costs Projections on future output Production methods

Batch Flow Job Cell

Efficiency
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Customer Service
Monitoring distribution After-sales service Handling consumer enquiries Offering advice to consumers Dealing with customer complaints Publicity and public relations

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Administration and IT
Managing estates
Reception Clerical work Overview of quality control Use of IT systems

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Business Organisation
Organisation by type
Global businesses complex organisation structures National organisation possibly stretches throughout the country Regional could be through a county or wider area (North West, South East, etc.) Local small organisations serving local area or community

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Key ideas: Why organisation is necessary.

Authority Span of control Chain of Command Hierarchy Delegation Empowerment Delayering
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Organisation Charts
Hierarchical Structure
Managing Director

Sales Director

Marketing Director

Finance Director

Market Research

Strategy Purchasing Sales Manager Manager

Accounts Manager

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Organisation Charts
Pyramidal Structure
MD

Senior Management Middle Management

Workers

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Organisation Charts
Centralised/Entrepreneurial
Finance

R&D MD

Production

Marketing

Sales

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Organisation Charts
Collaborative
Sales

Accounts

Marketing

Production

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Organisation Charts
Circular/Flat
Marketing Sales

Finance

Production

R&D

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Organisation Charts
Matrix Structure
Marketing Sales Project HR Finance Production R&D

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Entrepreneurial

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Organisation Charts
Changes to business structures Linked to new thinking on leadership and management Less hierarchical Emphasis on communication and collaboration between sections Global businesses more complex structures
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By
A business can organise by function.
Managing Director

Sales Director

Marketing Director

Finance Director

Market Research

Strategy Purchasing Sales Manager Manager

Accounts Manager

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By
Or by product
Managing Director

Sales Director

Marketing Director

Finance Director

Mars Mars Mars finance sales mkt

Mars prod

Snickers finance

Snickers mkt Snickers Snickers sales prod

M&M M&M M&M M&M prod finance sales mkt

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By
Or by Geography
Managing Director

Taiwan Director

Europe Director

Japan Director

Taiwan Sales

Taiwan marketing Taiwan prod

Europe Sales

Europe marketing
Europe prod

Japan Sales

Japan marketing Japan prod

Taiwan Finance

Europe Finance

Japan Finance

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