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Job Analysis, Job Design

Job Terminology

Task: A Task is an action or related group of action designed to produce a definite outcome or result. Position: A Position is a group of similar tasks and responsibilities assigned to one individual. Job: A job is a group of positions that are similar as to the kind and level of work. Occupation: An occupation is a group of jobs that are similar as to the kind of work and are found throughout an industry or the entire country.

Job Analysis
A

systematic investigation of the tasks, duties and responsibilities of a job and the necessary knowledge, skills and abilities a person needs to perform the job adequately

Components Job content Job requirements Job context

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Job Analysis
Approaches A job orientated or task approach An employee orientated (or behaviour) approach When to do When the organisation commences When a new job is created When a job is changed significantly

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Process Of Job Analysis


Collection of Background Information 1. Organisational Charts 2.Class of Jobs 3. Existing job Description Selection of Representative jobs Collection of Job Analysis Information

Job Description

Job Specification

Employee Specification

Techniques of Collection Of Job Data 1.Interview 2.Direct 3. Observation 4.Past Information 5. Questionnaire 6.Critical incident

The uses of Job Analysis


Job description Explains the purpose of a job, what activities are performed, the conditions under which they are accomplished and the performance standards

Job specification Formal qualifications, knowledge, abilities, skills and personal characteristics needed
Job design Identifies what must be performed, how it will be performed, where it is to be performed and who will perform it.

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Job Descriptions
Job identification Job objective Duties and responsibilities Relationships Knowledge Problem solving

Authority Accountability Special circumstances Performance standards Trade union membership Other requirements

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Job Specification

A statement of human qualifications necessary to do the job. Education Experience Training Judgment Initiative

Job Specification

Physical Effort Physical Skills Responsibilities Communication Skills Emotional Characteristics Unusual sensory demands such as sight, smell, hearing.

Process of Job Analysis


Strategic Choices Gather Information Process Information Job Description Job Specification
Uses of Job Description and Job Specification Personnel Planning Performance Appraisal Hiring Training and Development Job Evaluation and Compensation Health and Safety Employee Discipline Work Scheduling Career Planning

Methods of Collecting Job Data


Observation Interviews Questionnaire

Job Data
Checklist Dairy Technical Conference

De-jobbing
De-jobbing: Jobs are becoming more amorphous and difficult to define.

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