THE DIFFERENCES

BETWEEN A COMPOUND
AND A MIXTURE
COMPOUND DIFFERENT MIXTURE
ASPECTS
By a chemical Method of By physical
reaction formation means
Yes Formation of No
new
substance
The new Properties of Each element
substance has original retains its
different substance original
properties properties
COMPOUND DIFFERENT MIXTURE
ASPECTS
Can only be Separation of Can be
separated by substance separated by
chemical physical
reaction means
Elements Combination Elements do
combined by not combine
a specific ratio by a specific
ratio
Heat is Energy No heat is
absorbed or changes absorbed or
released released
THE NAME OF ELEMENTS AND
THE SIMPLE CHEMICAL
FORMULA
 BASIC COMPETENCE
Toexplain the name of
element and the simple
chemical formula
 INDICATORS
After this lessons, students are able to :
 Write the names of some
elements given their symbols
 Write the names of some simple
chemicals formula
Atom
 Introduction of Atom
 Atom, tiny basic building block of
matter. All the material on Earth is
composed of various combinations of
atoms.
 Atoms are the smallest particles of a
chemical element that still exhibit all
the chemical properties unique to
that element.
 The structure of atom
 Atoms are made of smaller particles,
called electrons, protons, and neutrons.
 An atom consists of a cloud of electrons
surrounding a small, dense nucleus of
protons and neutrons.
 Electrons and protons have a property
called electric charge, which affects the
way they interact with each other and with
other electrically charged particles.
 Electrons carry a negative electric charge,
while protons have a positive electric
charge.
The model of atom
The model of atom
The model of atom
 The model of atom
elektron

proton

neutron

orbit

Inti atom
nukleus
 Electron
 Electron, negatively charged particle found
in an atom.
 The electrons form the outer layer or
layers of an atom, while the neutrons and
protons make up the nucleus, of the atom.
 Electrons, neutrons, and protons are
elementary particles—that is, they are
among the smallest parts of matter that
scientists can isolate.
 Proton
 elementary particle that carries a
positive electric charge and.
 Protons and neutrons are the
building blocks of the atomic
nucleus, the center of the atom.
 Neutron
 electrically
neutral elementary
particle that is part of the nucleus of
the atom.
ELEMENTS
 Element is substance that contains only
one kind of atom.
 92 of the 108 element are nature.
 Element is substances that cannot be
decomposed or broken into more
elementary substances by ordinary
chemical means.
 Elements were at one time believed to be
the fundamental substances but are now
known to consist of a number of different
elementary particles
 Symbol and name of element
 Chemist use symbol to give name of
element
 The symbol use one or two letters,
taken from their old Latin or Greek
names
 Example

– Iron used to be called ferum, symbolizes

by Fe
 Names and symbols of
elements
 OXYGEN O

 HYDROGEN H

 NITROGEN N

 IRON  Fe

 COPPER  Cu

 SULPHUR S

 SODIUM  Na

 GOLD  Au
 The model of element

H
H
H O O

O
 CHEMICAL FORMULA

A substance can be represented by

its chemical formula. The chemical
formula tell us the number and types
of atoms in one molecule of the
substance.
 To understand the chemical formula
of substance, you must first be
familiar with chemical symbols.
 the chemical formulae used to
represent them

Nitrogen Gas
N2

Two Nitrogen Atoms

Each molecule of nitrogen gas is made up

of two nitrogen atoms
 Carbon monoxide gas
CO

One Carbon Atom One oxygen Atom

Each molecule of Carbon monoxide gas is

made up of one carbon atom and one
oxygen atom
Water

H2 O

Two Hydrogen Atoms One oxygen atom

Each molecule of water is made up of two

hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom
 Ammonia gas

NH3

One Nitrogen Atom Three Hydrogen Atoms

Each molecule of Ammonia gas is made

up of one nitrogen atom and three
hydrogen atoms