Wireless Communications

Principles and Practice 2nd Edition Prentice-Hall

Chapter 1: Introduction to Wireless Communication Systems

M. Junaid Mughal

January, 2006

Growth of Mobile communications Industry

What are the factors that fueled the growth of mobile communication industry?

Digital and RF circuit fabrication improvement Large scale circuit integration Miniaturization technologies Digital Switching techniques

M. Junaid Mughal

January, 2006

Evolution of Mobile Radio Communications

Factors which has an impact on the evaluation of Mobile Radio Communication

Government regulatory agencies e.g., licensing, spectrum allocation Competitors new products and services, e.g., music, picture, camera in mobile phone Subscribers demand services in far flung areas etc.

M. Junaid Mughal

January, 2006

Growth of Mobile Telephony

Cellular Concept developed by Bell Labs in 1960s and 70s Recent Growth in Cellular Telephony is due to the development of highly reliable, miniaturization and development of solid state radio frequency hard ware in 1970s Future Growth will depend on radio spectrum allocation regulatory decisions which support new and extended services consumer needs Technology advances in signal processing Technology advances in Network area
M. Junaid Mughal January, 2006

The growth of mobile telephony as compared with other popular inventions of the 20th century

M. Junaid Mughal

January, 2006

Radio Frequency

Common frequency bands include the following:

AM radio Short wave radio Citizens band (CB) radio Television stations FM radio Television stations

- 535 kilohertz to 1.7 megahertz - bands from 5.9 megahertz to 26.1 megahertz - 26.96 megahertz to 27.41 megahertz - 54 to 88 megahertz for channels 2 through 6 - 88 megahertz to 108 megahertz - 174 to 220 megahertz for channels 7 through 13
M. Junaid Mughal January, 2006

Mobile Radiotelephone in the US

First Public mobile telephone service introduced in 1946 Single transmitter with coverage of 50km 120kHz simplex channel 1940s Channel RF bandwidth was 120 kHz (single channel) 1950, FCC doubled the channels in the same bandwidth with channel bandwidth reduced to 60 kHz 1960, bandwidth was reduced to 30 kHz 1950s and 60s automatic channel trunking was introduced and implemented under the label IMTS (Improved Mobile Telephone Service) 1976 Bell Mobile Phone service has only 12 channels and could provide service to 543 paying channels 1968, Bell labs proposed the idea of cellular phone to FCC 1983, FCC allocated 666 duplex channels (666 x 30kHz x 2 = 39.96 MHz = 40MHz in the 800MHz band) for the US Advanced Mobile Phone System (AMPS) Two service providers in each city with half the channels M. Junaid Mughal January, 2006

Mobile Radiotelephone in the US

1989, FCC allocated additional 166 channels (166 x 30kHz x 2 = 9.96MHz = 10MHz) Total channels 666+166 = 832, with bandwidth of 50 MHz (really it is 833 channels) Used FDMA (Frequency Division Multiple Access)

M. Junaid Mughal

January, 2006

Frequency Allocation in the US for AMPS

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January, 2006

Major Mobile Radio Standards in North America

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Major Mobile Radio Standards in Europe

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Major Mobile Radio Standards in Japan

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Wireless Communications System Definitions:

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January, 2006

Wireless Communications System Definitions:

M. Junaid Mughal

January, 2006

A wide area paging system

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A Cordless Telephone System

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A Cellular System

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January, 2006

Definitions/Acronyms
CAI: Common Air Interface For communication between the base station and the mobile It has 4 different channels 1. FVC: Forward Voice Channel

2. RVC: Reverse Voice Channel

3. FCC: Forward Control Channel 4. RCC: Reverse Control Channel ** Control channels are often called setup channels ** Control channels make up about 5% of the total channels

M. Junaid Mughal

January, 2006

Definitions/Acronyms (contd.)
MSC: Mobile Switching Center also called
MTSO: Mobile Telephone Switching office PSTN: Public Switched Telephone Network

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January, 2006

How a Cellular Telephone Call is Made From Land line to Mobile

FCC MIN: mobile identification number

PSTN

MSC

MIN

Free channels RCC

MIN

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Timing Diagram Illustration for Call from Land line to Mobile

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January, 2006

How a Cellular Telephone Call is Made From Mobile to Land line

MIN: mobile identification number

PSTN

MSC MIN/telephone

Free channels RCC MIN/telephone #

M. Junaid Mughal

January, 2006

Timing Diagram Illustration for Cal from Mobile to Land line

M. Junaid Mughal

January, 2006

Comparison of Mobile Communication System- Mobile Station

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January, 2006

Comparison of Mobile Communication System- Base Station

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January, 2006

Linear Cells as an Example of Frequency Reuse

Total Band width (BW) is divided into three adjacent bands f1, f2 and f3 Such that BW = f1+f2+f3 f1 P f2 I f3 f1 f2 f3

Cell 1

Cell 2 Region 1

Cell 3

Cell 1

Cell 2 Region 2

Cell 3

For acceptable voice quality Signal to Interference ratio P/I > 50 (17dB)
M. Junaid Mughal January, 2006

Frequency Reuse for Area Coverage

3 4

Base Station (BS)

2 7 3 2 7 1 4

1
5 6 3 4

2
5 7

1
5 6

M. Junaid Mughal

January, 2006