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GLUCIDELE

Clasificare
CHO HCOH CH 2OH GLICERALDEHIDA CHO HCOH HCOH CH 2OH ERITROZA CHO HCOH HCOH HCOH CH 2OH RIBOZA CHO HOCH HCOH HCOH CH 2OH ARABINOZA CHO HCOH HOCH HCOH CH 2OH XILOZA CHO HOCH HCOH CH 2OH TREOZA CHO HOCH HOCH HCOH CH 2OH LIXOZA CHO HOCH HOCH HOCH HCOH

CHO HCOH HCOH HCOH HCOH CH 2OH ALOZA

CHO HOCH HCOH HCOH HCOH CH 2OH ALTROZA

CHO HCOH HOCH HCOH HCOH CH 2OH GLUCOZA

CHO HOCH HOCH HCOH HCOH CH 2OH MANOZA

CHO HCOH HCOH HOCH HCOH CH 2OH GULOZA

CHO HOCH HCOH HOCH HCOH CH 2OH IDOZA

CHO HCOH HOCH HOCH HCOH

CH 2OH CH 2OH GALACTOZA TALOZA

GLUCIDELE
Clasificare
CH 2OH C O CH 2OH DIHIDROXIACETONA

CHO H C OH HO

CHO C H

CH 2OH C O

HCOH CH 2OH ERITRULOZA CH 2OH C O CH 2OH C HOCH HCOH CH 2OH XILULOZA O

CH2OH CH2OH D-Gliceraldehida L-Gliceraldehida

HCOH HCOH CH 2OH RIBULOZA

CH 2OH C O

CH 2OH C HOCH HCOH HCOH O

CH 2OH C O

CH 2OH C HOCH HOCH HCOH O

HCOH HCOH HCOH CH 2OH PSICOZA

HCOH HOCH HCOH

CH 2OH CH 2OH CH 2OH FRUCTOZA SORBOZA TAGATOZA

GLUCIDELE
Clasificare
H2OH O CH
CH C
HO CH C O H

HOH 2C COH

C C

OH H OH

HO H C O OH CH2 H OH C H CH C

C OH H 2OH HC CH PIRAN D- Fructoza CH OH


2

CH 2OH HOH 2C CH OH O2 CH HCOH H HO O H H O HOCH O O H H OH OCH H HOCH O HCOH OH CH OH H OH HO HCHCOH H HC OH CH HC 2OH

HCOH

CH 2OH

a-D-Fructofuranoza FURAN

D-Glucoza

a-D-Glucopiranoza

GLUCIDELE
Clasificare
H Forma baie HO HO H CH 2OH O H H OH H

OH Conformatia scaun ecuatorial a glucopiranozei Forma scaun

Proprietile monozaharidelor
Condensarea cu alcooli
CH 2OH O H H OH H OH + HO H OH a -Monozaharid H H CH 2OH O H H OH H HO O H OH a -Glicozid

HO

R + H2O

Oxidarea i reducerea monozaharidelor


COOH H C

CH 2OH H
C

CH 2OH H OH H HHO OH
HO H

C C C C C

O OH H H OH

OH C H

OH H
H H

H OH C C C
OH

HO C H H C C

H
OH

H HO OH C HO

H OH C

OH

C C

OH

CH 2OH COOH CH 2OH COOH Acid gluconic Acid glucuronic Acid galacturonic D-Ribitol D-Xilitol

CH2OH

Derivaii monozaharidelor
O C HO HO H HO C C C C H O -2H O O O H HO C C C C C H O O H2O O H HO COOH C C C OH C H

HOH2C H H

O H

OH H

CH 2OH CH 2OH Acidul L-ascorbic Acidul dehidroL-ascorbic

CH 2OH Acidul dicetoL-gulonic

OH H -D-2-Deoxiriboza

CH3 HO O H H OH H H OH H OH

CH3 H O H H OH OH OH HO H H

CH2OH O OH
HO

6-deoxi-L-galactoza

a-L-Fucoza

6-deoxi-L-manoza

a-L-Ramnoza

OH NH2 D-Glucozamina

Derivaii monozaharidelor
COOH
CH2OH O OH OH O NH C CH3 N-acetilglucozamina
HO
HO

CH2OH O O

Acid N-acetilmuramic

C O CH 2

H3C

OH O NH C CH3 C COOH H

O CH 3 C

OH H

NH C

O CH3 C H NH O COOH R H H OH H OH H R=

HO C H H
H H C C OH OH

OH

C OH

Acid sialic

CH2OH

CH 2OH Acidul N-acetilneuraminic

Sistemul de grupe sanguine AB0

Dizaharide
CH 2OH H HO H OH Zaharoza
O CH2OH H HO H OH O H H OH H HO H O H C C C C H OH

CH 2OH

H OH H

O H

HOH 2C O

HO O O H H H HO OH H CH 2OH H H H OH OH H

CH 2OH H O H OH H H

O OH H

Lactoza

OH

CH 2OH H HO
H H

CH 2 O H HO H OH H H Izomaltoza

H OH H H

O H

O OH H OH

OH

HO C

Maltoza

CH2OH

Polizaharide

a - amiloz

Polizaharide
amilopectina

Polizaharide

Polizaharide

Polizaharide
CH 2OH H HO H OH Zaharoza H OH H O H HOH 2C O O H dextransucraza H HO CH 2OH OH H H HO H OH n Dextran CH 2 H OH H O H HOH 2C + O H H HO CH 2OH H OH H Fructoza

CH 2OH O O O

Polizaharide
CH 2OH O O NH CH 3CO OH NH CH 3CO NAG

H3CCH HOOC

NAM

Polizaharide
Lipoteichoic acids: (LTA). Acest polizaharid se ntinde n ntregul strat peptidoglicanic i apare la suprafaa celulei, motiv pentru care este folosit ca determinant antigenic

Lipopolizaharid (LPS). Aceste structuri sunt compuse din lipide A, care leaga LPS in membrana exterioar. Jumtatea polizaharidic apare pe suprafata celulelor, servind ca un factor determinant antigenic (" antigenul O ").

Polizaharide
COOH O O OH OH HO3SO CH2OH O O 1 -3 NH CH3CO CH3 Fragment de condroitin-4-sulfat
N-acetil galactozamina 4 sulfat

CH 2OH O COOH OH
acid L-iduronic

HSO 3O O 1-3

acid glucuronic

OH

NH CH 3CO N-acetil galactozamina 4 sulfat

Fragment de dermatan-sulfat

COOH O O OH OH

CH 2OSO3H 1-3 O HO O

acid glucuronic

NH
N-acetil galactozamina 6 sulfat

CH 3CO

Fragment de condroitin-6-sulfat

Polizaharide
COOH O O OH HO
acid glucuronic

1-3 O

CH 2OH O

O
NH

CH2OH OH O H H H H H OH

HSO3OCH2 H O O H OH H H H NH

OH

CH 3CO N-acetil glucozamina Fragment de acid hialuronic

CH3CO Fragment de keratan-sulfat

H COOH
Heparani sulfaii sunt prezeni la suprafaa celulelor din endoteliul vascular ancornd lipoproteinlipaza plasmatic

HSO3OCH2 H OH H O H H

H O

H O H COOH H H OH O H HSO3O

HNSO3H

Fragment de heparin

Glicoproteine
CH2OH O OH
HO

C CH2 CH NH

OH + NH2 CO NH

CH3CO N -acetil glucozamina

rest de Asn dintr-un lant peptidic

CH2OH O NH CO OH
HO

C CH2 CH NH

OH NH CH3CO

Glicoproteine
Sialaze
Man ManMan Man Man Man Man Man NAG Gal NAG Man Man Man Man NAG Fuc Sia Gal Sia Gal

NAG NAG Man Man

Man NAG NAG Asn


Simple

Man NAG NAG Asn


Hibride

Man NAG NAG Asn


Complexe

Glicoproteine
glucidul terminal al unui glicozaminoglican OH + OH CH 2 CO CH NH rest de serin inclus ntr-o protein H2O

O CH 2 CO CH NH legtura glicozidic din proteoglicani

Glicoforina A

Glicoforina A Glicoforina B Glicoforina C Glicoforina E Glicoforina D e cunoscut ca fiind o varietate a glicoforinei C. Sistemul de grupe sanguine MN S

Proteoglicani

Proteoglicani

Proteoglicani din saliv


A. Un segment de glicoprotein secretat de glanda salivar = Nacetil galactozamin; = acid Nacetil neuraminic B. Segment de glicoprotein cu un coninut mai redus de glucide dar mai complex = N-acetil galactozamin; = galactoz = acid N-acetil neuraminic C. Structura unui proteoglican, unde se vede scheletul proteic de care se leag condroitin sulfai i keratani sulfai, ncrcai puternic negativ cnd nu este saturat cu contra ioni i are o mic cantitate de ap de hidratare

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