Presented By

Aditya Kumar Amit Xaxa Anima Beck

10/24/2013

Beekeeping (Latin, Apis) is the maintenance of honey bee colonies, commonly in hives, by humans. A beekeeper (or apiarist) keeps bees in order to collect honey and other products of the hive (including beeswax, propolis, pollen, and royal jelly), to pollinate crops, or to produce bees for sale to other beekeepers. A location where bees are kept is called an apiary or "bee yard". Depictions of humans collecting honey from wild bees date to 15,000 years ago, efforts to domesticate them are shown in Egyptian art around 4,500 years ago. It wasn't until the 18th century that European understanding of the colonies and biology of bees allowed the construction of the moveable comb hive so that honey could be harvested without destroying the entire colony.
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The 19th century saw this revolution in beekeeping practice completed through the perfection of the movable comb hive by the American Lorenzo Lorraine Langstroth. Langstroth was the first person to make practical use of Huber's earlier discovery that there was a specific spatial measurement between the wax combs, later called the bee space, which bees do not block with wax, but keep as a free passage. The invention and development of the movable-comb-hive fostered the growth of commercial honey production on a large scale in both Europe and the USA

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Petro Prokopovych - Used frames with channels in the side of the woodwork, these were packed side by side in boxes that were stacked one on top of the other Jan Dzieron - Was the father of modern apiology and apiculture. All modern beehives are descendants of his design L. L. Langstroth - Revered as the "father of American apiculture", no other individual has influenced modern beekeeping practice more than Lorenzo Lorraine Langstroth. His classic book The Hive and Honey-bee was published in 1853 Walter T. Kelley - Was an American pioneer of modern beekeeping in the early and mid-20th century

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R.N.Mattoo was the pioneer worker in starting beekeeping with Indian honeybee, Apis cerana indica in early 1930s

Apis mellifera was started by Dr. A.S.Atwal and his team members, O.P.Sharma and N.P.Goyal in Punjab in early 1960s.It remained confined to Punjab and Himachal Pradesh up to late 1970s In 1982, Dr. R.C.Sihag, working at Haryana Agricultural University,Hisar (Haryana), introduced and established this honeybee in Haryana and standardized its management practices for semi-arid-subtropical climates

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Country Germany

Production (1000 metric ton) 21.23

Consumption No. of bee (1000 metric Keepers ton) 89 6.3 5 8 45 90,000

No. of bee hives 1,000,000

Serbia
Denmark

3 to 5
2.5 9.69

430,000
30,000 150,000 4,000 2602

New Zealand
India

313,399
9,800,000

52.23 16

Egypt
200,000
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2,000,000
400,000 6

Morocco

PROCEDURES AND STRATEGIES

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Period Days 1-3

Work activity Cleaning cells and incubation

Day 3-6
Day 6-10 Day 8-16 Day 12-18 Day 14 onwards

Feeding older larvae

Feeding younger larvae Receiving honey and pollen from field bees Wax making and cell building Entrance guards; nectar and pollen foraging

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Stage of development

Queen

Worker

Drone

Egg

3 days

3 days

3 days

Larva

8 days

10 days

13 days :Successive moults occur within this period 8 to 13 day period

Cell Capped Pupa Total

day 8 4 days 15 days

day 8 8 days 21 days

day 10 8 days 24 days

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Beekeeping has positive ecological consequences. Bees play an important role in the pollination of many flowering plants, thus increasing the yield of certain crops such as sunflower and various fruits. Honey is a delicious and highly nutritious food. By the traditional method of honey hunting many wild colonies of bees are destroyed. This can be prevented by appropriate technology. Beekeeping can be initiated by individuals or groups The market potential for honey and wax is high
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There are four species of honeybees in India. They are: Rock bee (Apis dorsata): They are good honey gathers with an average yield of 50-80 kg per colony. Little bee (Apis florea): They are poor honey yielders and yield about 200900 g of honey per colony. Indian bee (Apis cerana indica): They yield an average honey yield of 6-8 kg per colony per year. European bee [Italian bee] (Apis mellifera): The average production per colony is 25-40 kg. Stingless bee (Trigona iridipennis): In addition to the above, another species also present in Kerala known as stingless bees. They are not truly stingless, but sting is poorly developed. They are efficient pollinators. They yield 300400 g of honey

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Among the four principal bee specicies in India. The rock-bee (Apis Dorsata) contributes around 20000 tons or more then 70% of annual honey production of our country.

Since this species is migratory and wild in nature, scientific handling and harvesting of rock-bee honey has hitherto not been systematically undertaken. Instead, crude methods of collecting this honey are adopted by (mostly tribal and forest-dwelling) honey hunters, using fire and squeezing of combs by hands, leading to gross destruction of whole colonies of bees. Loss of bee population hampers cross pollination in agricultural crops, forests and other blooming vegetation with adverse impact on the local ecology. These traditional honey hunters also face considerable hazards in their vocation due to the inaccessibility of honeycombs and the ferocity of these wild bees. Moreover, they are usually forced to sell the honey at low or distress prices to middlemen and contractors.
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First developed and successfully demonstrated by the center of science for villages, wardha, Nagpur and continuously improvement by the collaboration with other organization and institution. Focus on use of protective dress to ensure the safety of the honey collector and some essential equipment to prevent harm to, Collector The bees

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Enable extraction of good quality honey and by-products such as bee wax and pollen. A nodal facility for purification/processing of honey and byproducts, packaging and marketing add value and can eliminate middle-men. It can adopted any where in India , where requisite bee population exists. Training required for honey hunters as well for NGOs.
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Project area should have large bee population - Large forest

areas, hilly tracts or rock faces and several water bodies.

Blooming vegetation area required since this would lead to better and higher quantity of honey.

Existing group and practices of traditional honey hunters is preferable due to familiarity with hive locations, wild bee

behaviors, knowing about marketing channels.

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Bee keeping requires less time, money and infrastructure investments Honey and bees wax can be produced from an area of little agricultural value The Honey bee does not compete for resources with any other agricultural enterprise.

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The technology package comprises

Water spray Protective Dress

Portable Rope Ladder

Clip Solar Honey Separator

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Setup Nodal Agency 3 members along with the protective dress

Requiring kit, cost of this kit is approximately Rs.12000.

There would be 5 months honey flow period.

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The improved technology of honey extraction has several advantages: Obtained honey without destruction of comb and bees. Quality of honey is better due better collection process Quantity of honey collection increases due above and non destructive methods of honey extraction enabling decolonization by bees and multiple harvests. Safety of honey-collectors is ensured Sustainable yields of honey and ecological conservation ensured through promotion of cross-pollinaiton by preserving bee population Provides higher income to honey gatherers Make available good quality honey for consumers with no/less pesticides contamination
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We are all connected in this world when spercies like(Honey Bee) start dissapearing around the world, due to Global warmng.

Thus, to achieve a friendly environment especially for the tropical countries honey bees we should have to go through the following steps The development of beekeeping in tropical countries can be achieved using local methods by beekeepers who like honeybees. Honey quality can be improved by training beekeepers to respect hygienic conditions and to use plastic containers during harvesting, extracting and packing honey. The plants used to smoke traditional hives can be packaged and sold for use with frame hives.

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