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Vectors
Chapter 3 vectors
In physics we have Phys. quantities that can be completely described by a number and are known as scalars. Temperature and mass are good examples of scalars. Other physical quantities require additional information about direction and are known as vectors. Examples of vectors are displacement, velocity, and acceleration. In this chapter we learn the basic mathematical language to describe vectors. In particular we will learn the following: Geometric vector addition and subtraction Resolving a vector into its components The notation of a unit vector Addition and subtraction vectors by components Multiplication of a vector by a scalar The scalar (dot) product of two vectors The vector (cross) product of two vectors
a + b = b + a
The magnitude of displacement a and b are 3 m and 4 m respectively. Considering various orientation of a and b, what is i) maximum magnitude for c and ii) the minimum possible magnitude?
i) c-max=a+b=3+4=7
a b c-max
ii) c-min=a-b=3-4=1
-b c-min
In the figure, which of the indicated method for combining the x and y components of the vector d are propoer to determine that vector?
r = rx i+ ry j + rz k
Ch 3-8 Multiplication of vectors Since a x b= ab sin is a vector Then cross product of two similar unit vectors i or j or k is given by : ixi= jxj = kxk =0 (as =0 so sin =0). Also cross product of two different unit vectors is given by: ixj=k; jxk= i ; kxi =j jxi= -k; kxj= -i ; ixk=-j
a) Zero b) 12 units