CFX

CFX Multiphase 12.
0 Workshop 5
U-Bend with Lagrangian Particle Tracking
ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary 2009 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved.
WS5-1
September 1, 2009 Inventory #
WS5: U-Bend with Lagrangian Particle Tracking
Introduction
This example demonstrates the use of Lagrangian particle tracking in ANSYS CFX. This models true multiphase flow and is valid for systems where particles are present at low volume loadings (< 10%) In order to shorten run-time, a twodimensional planar mesh is used This example features:
Lagrangian particle tracking Buoyant flow
Workshop Supplement
WS5-2
Background
In this example, particles of different sizes are modeled as discrete moving points using the Lagrangian particle tracking model. Deposition walls for particles can be defined by setting the normal coefficient of restitution to zero so that particles "stick" on the wall when they hit it. Flow through a rectangular duct with a 90 bend is modeled. Gravity acts downward. Particles with diameters of 1, 10, and 100 microns are modeled. This example models the same system and physics as the Algebraic Slip workshop but within the Lagrangian Particle tracking framework
Workshop Supplement
Inlet Flow
Gravity
Deposition Walls
WS5-3
Computational Mesh
The mesh is one cell thick in the z-direction (the thickness extent is 0.1 in)
Workshop Supplement
WS5-4
Importing the Mesh
Workshop Supplement
Copy the file CFX gtm file hex.gtm from the input files folder into a working directory Start CFX-Pre from the ANSYS CFX Launcher. Create a new simulation (File/New Case/General). Right-click on Mesh in the Outline and import the hex.gtm file into the simulation setting the type to CFX Mesh.
WS5-5
Imported Mesh
Workshop Supplement
WS5-6
Continuous and Dispersed Phase Materials

You will define three dispersed phase fluid definitions (small, medium, and large) to model the small, medium, and large particles
Workshop Supplement
Click on the + sign next to Materials in the Tree View and find the constant property liquid named Water.
This material will be used to set the properties of the particles while the continuous phase properties will be referenced to the material Air at 25 C
WS5-7
Defining the Continuous Phase Domain Fluid

Double-click the Default Domain created for your imported mesh to edit it (if a default domain was not created, create one). On the Basic Settings tab of the Details form for the domain:
Set the Domain Type to Fluid Domain Highlight Fluid 1 in the Fluid and Particle Definition window and click on the Delete icon to remove it Click on the New icon in the Fluid and Particle definition window and insert a new fluid named air Select the predefined constant property material Air at 25 C and set the Morphology Option to Continuous Fluid
Workshop Supplement
WS5-8
Defining the Dispersed Phase Fluid small

On the Basic Settings tab of the Details form for the domain:
Click on the New icon in the Fluid and Particle definition window and insert a new fluid named small Select the predefined constant property material Water and set the Morphology Option to Particle Transport Fluid Enable the toggle for Particle Diameter Distribution, set the Option to Specified Diameter and enter a Diameter of 1e-6 [m]
Workshop Supplement
WS5-9
Defining the Dispersed Phase Fluid medium

Click on the New icon in the Fluid and Particle definition window and insert a new fluid named medium Select the predefined constant property material Water and set the Morphology Option to Particle Transport Fluid Enable the toggle for Particle Diameter Distribution, set the Option to Specified Diameter and enter a Diameter of 1e-5 [m]
Workshop Supplement
WS5-10
Defining the Dispersed Phase Fluid large

Click on the New icon in the Fluid and Particle definition window and insert a new fluid named large Select the predefined constant property material Water and set the Morphology Option to Particle Transport Fluid Enable the toggle for Particle Diameter Distribution, set the Option to Specified Diameter and enter a Diameter of 1e-4 [m]
Workshop Supplement
WS5-11
Setting the Buoyancy Properties

On the Basic Settings tab under Domain Models:
Set the Buoyancy Option to Buoyant with a gravity vector of (9.81,0,0 [m/s^2]) and a Buoyancy Reference Density equal to that of Air at 25 C (1.185 kg/m^3) Leave all other settings at their default values
Workshop Supplement
WS5-12
Fluid Domain: Fluid Models

On the Fluid Models tab:
Set the Heat Transfer Model Option to None Set the Turbulence Model Option to k-epsilon
Workshop Supplement
WS5-13
Fluid Domain: Fluid Specific Models

On the Fluid Specific Models tab:
Highlight each Fluid in the Fluid list and verify that the Fluid Buoyancy Model for each of the continuous and dispersed phases is set to Density Difference (the Erosion Model for the dispersed phases can be set to None since no erosion is modeled in this tutorial)
Workshop Supplement
WS5-14
Fluid Domain: Fluid Pair Models

On the Fluid Pair Models tab:
Highlight each of the three continuousdispersed fluid pair and set the Particle Coupling to One-Way Coupling (full fluidparticle coupling is not required since the particles are present at low volume loadings) For One-Way coupling in steady-flow, Lagrangian particle tracking is effectively a post-processing calculation, done once at the end of the run when the continuous phase calculation has converged Also set the Drag Force Option for each fluidparticle pair to Schiller Naumann which was the same drag law used for the Algebraic Slip simulation Once the settings for the three fluid-particle pairs is complete, click OK to complete the domain definition
Workshop Supplement
WS5-15
Boundary Conditions
For this simulation, the boundary conditions include: an Inlet at the top left
(low x) face Symmetry Planes on the high and low z-faces An Outlet on the far right (high y-face) No-slip particle deposition Walls at the leftmost (low y) and bottom (high x) faces of the domain. No-slip non-deposition Walls at remaining faces of the domain as shown Deposition Walls Inlet
Workshop Supplement
Non-Deposition Walls Symmetry
Outlet
WS5-16
Inlet Boundary: inlet

Click the Boundary Conditions icon from the menu bar to create a new boundary and name it inlet On the Basic Settings tab, set the Boundary Type to Inlet and the Location to IN On the Boundary Details tab panel:
Set the Mass and Momentum Option to Normal Speed with a value of 0.10 m/s. Set Turbulence Option to Medium
Workshop Supplement
WS5-17
Fluid Values for inlet

On the Fluid Values tab for the inlet boundary, for each dispersed phase particle:
Enable the Define Particle Behavior toggle Set the Mass and Momentum Option to Normal Speed with a value of 0.10 m/s. Set the Particle Position Option to Injection at IP Face Centres
Workshop Supplement
Set the Mass Flow Rate to 6.4e-8 kg/s (for one-way coupling, this is used only for postprocessing purposes
Repeat these steps for medium and small. Click OK to complete the definition of the boundary.
WS5-18
Outlet Boundary: outlet
Workshop Supplement
Click the Boundary Conditions icon from the menu bar Enter a name (outlet) for the boundary condition and click OK On the Basic Settings tab, set the Boundary Type to Outlet and the Location to OUT. On the Boundary Details tab panel, set Mass and Momentum Option to Average Static Pressure and set a Relative Pressure of 0 Pa. Leave the other settings at their default values Click OK
WS5-19
Symmetry Boundaries: sym1 and sym2

Create a new boundary condition and give it a name (sym1). On the Basic Settings tab, set the Boundary Type to Symmetry and the Location to SYM1 and click OK. Create a new boundary condition and give it a name (sym2). On the Basic Settings tab, set the Boundary Type to Symmetry and the Location to SYM2 and click OK.
Workshop Supplement
WS5-20
Deposition Wall Boundary: outerwall

Create a new boundary condition named outerwall.
On the Basic Settings tab, set the Type to Wall and the Location to BOTTOMWALL and SIDEWALL
On the Boundary Details tab, set the Wall Influence on Flow Option to No Slip
Workshop Supplement
On the Fluid Values tab, set the Perpendicular Coefficient of Resitution to 0 for all three particles (large, medium, and small) so that the particles will stick to the wall if and when they hit it
Click OK to complete the boundary definition
WS5-21
Non-Deposition Wall Boundary: innerwall

Create a new boundary condition named innerwall.
On the Basic Settings tab, set the Type to Wall and the Location to INNERWALL and TOPWALL On the Boundary Details tab, set the Wall Influence on Flow Option to No Slip. On the Fluid Values tab, set the Perpendicular Coefficient of Resitution to 1.0 for all three particles (large, medium, and small) so that the particles will bounce perfectly off the wall if and when they hit it Click OK to complete the boundary definition
Workshop Supplement
WS5-22
Boundary Condition Summary
Workshop Supplement
WS5-23
Extra Particle Variable Output

It is possible to write extra variables to the results file that consist of particle variables (which exist on the particle tracks) which are interpolated to the fluid mesh so that they can be viewed like any variable One benefit of doing this is that the particle mass flow rates will then be available on the fluid mesh
Click on Output Control and enable the toggle to define Extra Variables Click on the expand list button and select Averaged Velocity from the drop down list for the large, medium, and small particles Click OK on the dropdown and then OK on the Output Control form
Workshop Supplement
WS5-24
Solver Parameters
Click on the Solver Control icon from the menu On the Basic Settings tab:
Set the Advection Scheme to High Resolution Set the Timescale Control to Auto Timescale Set the Max. Iterations to 100 Enter 1e-4 for the Residual Target and enable a Conservation Target and set a value of 0.01
Workshop Supplement
On the Particle Control tab, enable the toggle for Vertex Variable smoothing and set it to Raw. Click OK to apply the Solver Settings
WS5-25
Define Run and Write Solver File

Click the Define Run icon from the menu bar
Enable the Quit CFX-Pre toggle and click Save to write the solver input file and then start the Solver Manager Click Save and Quit when prompted to save the simulation file
Workshop Supplement
WS5-26
Running the Solver
Workshop Supplement
When the Solver Manager Define Run form appears, click Start Run to initiate the run.
WS5-27
Monitoring the Solution
Workshop Supplement
WS5-28
Assessing Particle Fates

The run should converge to reasonably good conservation balances within approximately 30 iterations
Workshop Supplement
Browse the output file and check the Particle Fate Diagnostics for the three particle classes.
Note from the particle fate summary that approximately 98% 80% and 0% of the Small, Medium, and Large particles make it to the outlet which is in reasonable agreement with the values of 100%, 85%, and 0% from the ASM workshop. Start CFX-Post and load the results file from your run
WS5-29
Post Processing small Particle Tracks
Workshop Supplement
Start CFX-Post and view the particle tracks for the small particles, setting the maximum number of tracks to 25 and coloring the tracks according to small.Velocity
WS5-30
Post Processing medium Particle Tracks
Workshop Supplement
Start CFX-Post and view the particle tracks for the medium particles, setting the maximum number of tracks to 25 and coloring the tracks according to medium.Velocity
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Post Processing large Particle Tracks
Workshop Supplement
Start CFX-Post and view the particle tracks for the large particles, setting the maximum number of tracks to 25 and coloring the tracks according to large.Velocity
WS5-32
Post-Processing
Workshop Supplement
Make sym1 visible and color it according to medium.Averaged Volume Fraction. Compare this plot with the corresponding plot from the ASM workshop.
WS5-33
Mass Flux to Outerwall
Workshop Supplement
Create the follow variables and color outerwall according to them. Compare these with the corresponding plots from the ASM workshop:
smallwallmassflux = abs(small.Wall Mass Flow Density) mediumwallmassflux = abs(medium.Wall Mass Flow Density) largewallmassflux = abs(large.Wall Mass Flow Density)
WS5-34
Computing Particle Mass Flows on a Plane
Workshop Supplement
Create a ZX-Plane at a Y-value of 0.10 [m]. Use Tools/Function Calculator to sum the particle mass flows for the three particle classes and compare these with the inlet values. You can use this approach to count tracks crossing a cut plane by multiplying by the ratio of the number of particles injected to the inlet mass flow rate
WS5-35

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CFX Multiphase 12.

U-Bend with Lagrangian Particle Tracking

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary 2009 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved.

September 1, 2009 Inventory #

WS5: U-Bend with Lagrangian Particle Tracking

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary 2009 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved.

September 1, 2009 Inventory #

WS5: U-Bend with Lagrangian Particle Tracking

September 1, 2009 Inventory #

WS5: U-Bend with Lagrangian Particle Tracking

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary 2009 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved.

September 1, 2009 Inventory #

WS5: U-Bend with Lagrangian Particle Tracking

Importing the Mesh

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary 2009 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved.

September 1, 2009 Inventory #

WS5: U-Bend with Lagrangian Particle Tracking

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary 2009 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved.

September 1, 2009 Inventory #

WS5: U-Bend with Lagrangian Particle Tracking

Continuous and Dispersed Phase Materials

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary 2009 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved.

September 1, 2009 Inventory #

WS5: U-Bend with Lagrangian Particle Tracking

Defining the Continuous Phase Domain Fluid

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary 2009 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved.

September 1, 2009 Inventory #

WS5: U-Bend with Lagrangian Particle Tracking

Defining the Dispersed Phase Fluid small

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary 2009 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved.

September 1, 2009 Inventory #

WS5: U-Bend with Lagrangian Particle Tracking

Defining the Dispersed Phase Fluid medium

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary 2009 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved.

September 1, 2009 Inventory #

WS5: U-Bend with Lagrangian Particle Tracking

Defining the Dispersed Phase Fluid large

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary 2009 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved.

September 1, 2009 Inventory #

WS5: U-Bend with Lagrangian Particle Tracking

Setting the Buoyancy Properties

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary 2009 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved.

September 1, 2009 Inventory #

WS5: U-Bend with Lagrangian Particle Tracking

Fluid Domain: Fluid Models

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary 2009 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved.

September 1, 2009 Inventory #

WS5: U-Bend with Lagrangian Particle Tracking

Fluid Domain: Fluid Specific Models

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary 2009 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved.

September 1, 2009 Inventory #

WS5: U-Bend with Lagrangian Particle Tracking

Fluid Domain: Fluid Pair Models

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary 2009 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved.

September 1, 2009 Inventory #

WS5: U-Bend with Lagrangian Particle Tracking

Non-Deposition Walls Symmetry

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary 2009 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved.

September 1, 2009 Inventory #

WS5: U-Bend with Lagrangian Particle Tracking

Inlet Boundary: inlet

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary 2009 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved.

September 1, 2009 Inventory #