Professional Documents
Culture Documents
MISSION
The mission of the FBIs Civil Rights Program is to enforce Federal civil rights statutes and to ensure that the protected rights of all persons are not abridged.
Domestic servitude Commercial sex (all adults and international minors located within the U.S.) Forced labor
2009
12.3 Million estimated in Forced Labor and Forced Prostitution around the world 4,166 successful trafficking prosecutions 2,208 in Europe 49,105 Victims identified 14,650 in Europe
U.S. Department of Justice estimates 14,500-17,500 women and children trafficked into U.S. annually More than 750,000 women trafficked into the United States in last decade Between 200,000-300,000 children are at high risk to falling prey to the sex trade industry
-A Modern Definition
- The Industries - The Victim - Engaging the Threat
Generally Two Types Sex Trafficking Adults: Force, Fraud, Coercion Minors: No Proof of Force, Fraud, or Coercion Required Labor Trafficking Force, Coercion
FORCE
Used to break victims resistance to make them easier to control.
EXAMPLES OF FORCE
Kidnapping/recapturing of an escaped victim Beatings and Torture (Rape, sexual abuse, harassment Forced pregnancy/abortion Confinement/kept under guard/surveillance Use of restraints Denial of food/ water/ medical care/ contraceptives/ condoms Removal of children Concealment of whereabouts to friends/family
FRAUD
Involves false offers that induce people into trafficking.
EXAMPLES OF FRAUD
Promises of immigration/travel documents Victim instructed to use false/counterfeit identity/travel documents Signed contract to do legitimate work Required to do work other than agreement Promises of salary that never materialize Misrepresentation of work/conditions of work
COERCION
Involves threats of harm, any scheme, plan or pattern or abuse to a person if the person did not enter into or continue in such condition.
EXAMPLES OF COERCION
Debt bondage Threats of serious harm to victim/victims friends and/or family Trafficker/pimp controls all of victims family/friends outside brothel Threatening to use photos against victim Withholding documents Punishment of others Quotas Verbal or psychological abuse
Victims do not consent to their situations Entails forced exploitation of a person for labor/services Crime against each persons fundamental rights
DOMESTIC SERVITUDE
Housekeeping Child rearing
While the venues and locations may change, the methodology remains the same.
I freed a thousand slaves, I could have freed a thousand more if only they knew they were slaves. ~Harriet Tubman
Human Trafficking The victims -groups vulnerable to coercion Victims may be illegal immigrants, legal immigrants or citizens Diaspora population with poor LEO relations Minors hello Homeless Substance abuse users Mentally challenged Minimal education level Cultural background Experiences with legal system
Human Trafficking
The victim Push Factors -War -Repression -Economy
Pull Factors -Better paying jobs/pay of debt -Promises of a better life -False marriages
The Victim
Believe that any debts are their obligation to repay some may sign contracts; View their situation as temporary, surviving on the hope that once their debt is paid off or a certain amount of time has passed, they shall be free!
My family went into debt to pay mybe Am I a victim? My family may I fear law II feel so ashamed. recruitment feeif I will be deported. killed. enforcement. return home as a failure I will betray my family. Victim Challenges
I didnt believe in police. I really believed what my trafficker said. My trafficker said they will put you in jail; they will send you back she said in this country, dogs have more rights. And I believe. I believe everything she said because she has been living here for a long time, she knows, she speaks English, she has money, everything, and I didnt have anything.
Esperanza trafficking survivor
A VICTIMS PERSPECTIVE
Surveillance
More locations/houses
La Cabana
Magaritas Restaurant
El Huetamo
El Cuco
The Scheme
The defendants used a ticket system to track the womens earnings. Every time a customer bought one of the women a beer, the price was $13.00. The bar issued a ticket. Each beer consumed by the women with a customer was worth $4.50 toward debt. $50 a week
Forced Abortions
THE PLAN
October 2005 Indictment in Grand Jury Spanish Speakers Interviews Training Housing Short and Long term Takedown Dec 3
The TAKEDOWN
Source informs the subjects are scheduled to leave the country in two days Warrants secured immediately 8 Arrests 99 women- 15 victims Pre-planning was essential All 8 subjects plead guilty to forced labor and transportation and harboring of illegal aliens $1.7 Million Restitution
Male Defendants
13 Years
Female Defendants
7 years
2 years
1 years
Human Trafficking
Engaging the Threat
MOST VICTIMS ARE FOUND BY: Complaint or Victim walk-in Local Law Enforcement Response to an Incident Information received from NGOs, churches, and community service providers
Human Trafficking Engaging the Threat PROACTIVE 1) THREAT ASSESSMENT Domain = Your City
Global Issues Location, Location, Location - Affect an areas vulnerability to human trafficking Typically observed by an immigrant community but not properly referred to law enforcement - Relationship between immigrant communities and law enforcement should be considered
THREAT ASSESSMENT Immigrant Communities Tightly Knit? Victims from vulnerable countries? Is ongoing payment of a smuggling debt accepted within the culture of this immigrant community? Law Enforcement sentiment? Barriers?
THREAT ASSESSMENT LABOR Industries which require low skilled manual labor with limited public interaction are vulnerable. Agriculture Landscaping Hotel/Resort Construction Meat Packing/Processing Cleaning Services Garment Factories
Human Trafficking Engaging the Threat PROACTIVE THREAT ASSESSMENT COMMERCIAL SEX
Is prostitution allowed to occur within your community? To what extent is prostitution prevalent inside immigrant communities within your community? To what extent are there business often linked to prostitution, such as massage parlors, prevalent inside immigrant communities? To what extent do private residences serve as temporary brothels within the immigrant community?
2) INTELLIGENCE Sources Regional Hotline 3) INDUSTRIES AND INFRASTRUCTURE Businesses with several locks, Bars, Barbed Wire, Nailed Windows, security guards and/or guard dogs Large Male Clientele/ heavy foot traffic Neighborhood Canvass/Trash Covers
4) COOPERATION AND COLLABORATION Federal, state and local partners CROSS COORDINATION Task Forces and working groups Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) which provide emergency shelter, food, medical assistance, counseling and legal assistance Immigration Rights organizations Labor Unions
Training - Checklists
Vulnerable Visa Programs H-2A Seasonal Worker Agriculture H-2B Seasonal Worker G-5/A-3 Visa Domestic Servant J-1/F/M Student and Exchange Visitors
FBIHQ, Washington, DC