NEOCLASSISM ARCHITECTURE STYLE

SUBMITTED BY: ADWITEEYA KALP RITWIZ JOHRI ANUPAM DOSHI ATUL KUMAR DAGAR ANANT KALRA AMAN MATHUR AYUSHI JAIN

THE ONLY WAY TO ACHIEVE GREATNESS AND IF POSSIBLE TO BE IMMITABLE IS TO EMMULATE THE ANCIENTS.
- Johanan Joachim Winkelmann

REASONS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT NEOCLASSISM

Superficially kicked off by archeological discoveries of ancient monuments, that were buried by the eruption of Mount Vesuvius. It rose out of a belief that architectural movements like Baroque and Rococo took architecture too far from its origins by creating a much plastic environment with superfluous ornamentation. Articles, essays and books by many French scholars and theorists over reviving the past and rejecting the anti-natural ornamentation of Rococo and Baroque styles of architecture. Example. ESSAI SUR I ARCHITECTURE by Marc Antoine Laugier Books by Vitruvius (about mythical origins of Architecture)

What is NEOCLASSICISM ?
Neoclassicism is referred to the revival of classical aesthetics and antiquities but from a new perspective or with a new motivation.
It began in the 18th century manifested both in its detail as a reaction against ROCOCO style Late BAROQUE style

Thus, NEOCLASSISM was the architecture in its purest form, it is a style principally derived from the architecture of Classical Greece and Rome.

WHEN AND WHERE.

Neoclassicism began in Europe in the late 1700's and lasted till the 1800's and later.

Picture Reference : UNDERSTANDING ARCHITECTURE by Marco Bussagli

PLACES WHERE NEOCLASSISM WAS PRACTICED ARE: ITALY

FRANCE SPAIN GREECE BRITAIN RUSSIA ENGLAND GERMANY

KEY CONCEPTS AND THEORIES

RESTRAINT ORDER

FORM
DESCIPLINE

REASON
ENLIGHTMENT

BASIC CHARACTERSTICS
The style breaded on the balance and harmony of ancient Greece. Buildings indulged in no scenographic effects and elements clearly reveal their function. Straight lines are favored over curves, volumes are less often contrasted, adornments are fewer, symmetry becomes a must, columns and lintels are more frequent than arches, & triangular pediments than semi-circular ones.

BRITISH MUSEUM, LONDON Picture Reference : www.google.com

symmetrical shape, tall columns that rise the full height of the building, triangular pediment, and a domed roof. The buildings are characterized by monumental structures, supported or decorated by columns of Doric, Or Corinthian pillars, and topped with classical Renaissance domes. Architectural innovations like layered cupolas and inner cores added strength to domes, and their dimensions increased grandeur to civic buildings, churches, educational facilities and large private homes.

-------Pantheon, Paris-----------Picture Reference : www.google.com

KEY ARCHITECTS
MARC ANTOINE LAUGIER JACQUES GERMAN SOUFFLOT JACQUES GONDION THOMAS JEFFERSON PIERRE VIGNON BENJAMIN LATROBE KARL FRIEDRICH SCHINKEL ROBERT SMIRKE LEO YON KLENZE SIR. ROBERT ADAM JOHN SHAWN (1713-1769) (1730-1780) (1737-1818) (1743-1826) (1762-1828) (1764-1820) (1780-1841) (1781-1867) (1784-1864) (1728-1792)

KEY BUILDINGS

PANTHEON, Paris (1756-1797)

-------Pantheon, Paris------------ Picture Reference : www.google.com

-------Pantheon, Paris------------ Picture Reference : www.google.com

ARCHITECT -

JACQUES GERMAN SOUFFLOT

(1730-1780)

CONSTRUCTION - Bearing masonry , Cut stone

COLLUMNS OF CORITHIAN ORDER (HEAVY

ORNAMENTA TION)

COLLUMNS OF CORITHIAN ORDER (LESS ORNAMENTATION)

LINE OF SYMMETRY AND BALANCE

Built on Greek Cross scheme of Renaissance roots, its five domes are supported by ranks of widely spaced, slender columns and light triangular piers

LAYERED CUPOLAS DOME

LINE OF SYMMETRY AND BALANCE

USE OF COLLUMNS (DORIC ORDER) TO INCREASE THE SPAN LARGELY

USE OF LINTEL FOR SUPPORT RATHER THEN ARCHES

SECTION THROUGH THE PANTHEON, PARIS

TRIANGULAR PEDIMENTS

The style breaded on the balance and harmony of ancient Greece.

Tall columns that rise the full height of the building

-------Pantheon, Paris------------ Picture Reference : www.google.com

Straight lines are favored over curves, volumes are less often contrasted, adornments are fewer, symmetry becomes a must, columns and lintels are more frequent than arches, & triangular pediments than semi-circular ones.

VIE WS

-------Pantheon (interior), Paris------------ Picture Reference : www.google.com

ALTES MEUSEUM, Berlin (1822-1830)

-------Altes Meusueum---------- Picture Reference : www.google.com

ALTES MEUSEUM, Berlin

ARCHITECT KARL FRIEDRICH SCHINKEL CONSTRUCTION Bearing masonry , Cut stone (1780-1841)

(1822-1830)

LINE OF SYMMETRY AND BALANCE

HUGE SPAN HALLS

COLLUMNS OF DORIC ORDER

-------PLAN (Altes museum)-----------Picture Reference : THE ART BULLETIN 1990

TRIANGULAR PEDIMENTS

USE OF COMMUNS AND LINTEL FOR SUPPORT RATHER THEN ARCHES

COLLUMNS OF DORIC ORDER

-------SECTION (Altes museum)-------Picture Reference : THE ART BULLETIN 1990

-------ELEVATION (Altes museum)-----Picture Reference : THE ART BULLETIN 1990

USE OF COLLUMNS (DORIC ORDER) TO INCREASE THE SPAN LARGELY

CORNICE ACTING AS AN ARCHITRAVE

SYMMETRICAL DOME SHAPED TALL COLLUMNS THAT RISE THE FULL HIGHT OF THE BUILDING

COLLUMNS GIVING WAY TO PILLASTERS WITH VERY LESS ORNAMENTATION

LAYERED CUPOLAS SYMMETRICAL SHAPED TALL COLLUMNS THAT RISE THE FULL HIGHT OF THE BUILDING DOME

USE OF COLLUMNS AND LINTEL FOR SUPPORT RATHER THEN ARCHES

-------SECTION THROUGH DOME (Altes museum)-------Picture Reference : THE ART BULLETIN 1990

-------PERSPECTIVE VIEW (Altes museum)-------Picture Reference : THE ART BULLETIN 1990

THE CAPITOL BUILDING, Washington DC (1822-1830)

-------The Capitol building----------- Picture Reference : www.google.com

-------The Capitol building----------- Picture Reference : www.google.com

ARCHITECT BENJAMIN LATROBE

(1764-1820)

-------The Capitol building----------- Picture Reference : www.google.com

LINE OF SYMMETRY AND BALANCE

-------PLAN-(The Capitol building)----------Picture Reference : www.google.com

DOME

COLLUMNS OF CORITHIAN ORDER (HEAVY ORNAMENTATION)

-------SECTION-(The Capitol building)----------Picture Reference : www.google.com

-------The Capitol building----------- Picture Reference : www.google.com

THE BRITISH MEUSIUM, England (1822-1830)

------- The British museum---------- Picture Reference : www.google.com

ARCHITECT -

ROBERT SMIRKE

(1781-1867)

CONSTRUCTION - Bearing masonry , Cut stone

------- The British museum---------- Picture Reference : www.google.com

------- The British museum---------- Picture Reference : www.google.com

LA MADELEINE, Paris (1822-1830)

------- La Madeleine---------- Picture Reference : www.google.com

------- La Madeleine---------- Picture Reference : www.google.comC

------- La Madeleine---------- Picture Reference : www.google.com

------- La Madeleine---------- Picture Reference : www.google.com

ROMAN TRUIMPHAL ARCH (1822-1830)

-------Roman Triumphal Arch--------- Picture Reference : www.google.com

-------Roman Triumphal Arch--------- Picture Reference : www.google.com

BIBLOGRAPHY
ISM- UNDERSTANDING ARCHITECTURE UNDERSTANDING ARCHITECTURE THE ART BULLETIN - 1990 www.google.com www.wikipedia.com by - Jeremy Melvin by Marco Bussagli

www.britanica.com
www.greatbuildings.com

THANK YOU