Diploma in Psychology

Principles of Counseling Theoretical Perspective I (Week 6)

PowerPoint Slides by Crendy Tan

Learning Objective(s)
1. Students will understand the concepts of the theory. 2. Students will also understand the role of the counsellors for each different theory and the techniques of using it.

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Learning Outcome(s)
1. To discuss each counselling theory. 2. To apply the counselling theory in different counselling session to suit the clients issues.

3. Differential the counselling theory.

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Introduction
This chapter is introducing students about the counselling theories. To select a good and suitable theory to help clients is essential. The counselling sessions may successful because of using the correct theory to guide the clients. Different personality of the counsellors will give impact on choosing the theory.

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Theories
1. 2. 3.

4.

5.

Psychoanalytic Therapy Adlerian Therapy Existential Therapy Person-centerd Therapy (Humanistic Theories) Gestalt Therapy

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What is Psychology Theory

A psychological theory has two key components: (1) it must describe a behavior and (2) make predictions about future behaviors.
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Importance of Theory for counselor

1.
2. 3. 4. 5.

6.

to find unity and relatedness within the diversity of existence to examine relationships they would otherwise overlook to evaluate development as professional to focus on relevant data to assist clients in the effective modification of their behavior to evaluate both old and new approaches to the process of counselling

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1. Psychoanalysis
Founders: Sigmund Freud View of human: human nature is dynamic / determinisms human mind: conscious mind, preconscious mind, and unconscious mind human personality : id, ego, superego

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psychosexual developmental

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Role of the counselor

encourage

clients to talk about whatever comes to mind create an atmosphere to client express difficult thoughts encourage counsellor to interpret for the client
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Goals
1.

2.

3.

to help the client become more aware of the unconscious aspects to help the client work through a developmental stage to help clients cope with the demands of the society
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Techniques

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Free association Dream analysis Analysis of transference Analysis of resistance Interpretation

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2. Alderian Theory
Founders: Alfred Adler View of human: human are primarily motivated by social interest, that is, 1. feeling of being connected to society 2. an active interest in and empathy with others 3. a need and willingness to contribute to the general social good

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Striving for perfection / completeness Inferior Inferiority complex Superiority complex Neurotic fiction / unproductive
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Role of the counselor

1.

2.

Helping people develop healthy, holistic lifestyles Help clients overcome a faulty style of life

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Technique

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Confrontation Asking question Encouragement Acting as if Spitting in the clients soup Catching oneself Task setting Push button
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3. Existential therapy
Founders: Rollo May & Viktor Frankl View of human: emphasizes the freedom that human beings have to choose what to make of their circumstances people as the authors of their lives

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Role of the counselor

1. 2.

3.

4.

5.

No uniform roles Sensitive to all aspects of their clients character Strives to be with the client in the hereand-now Entering into deep and personal relationships with client Serve as a model of how to achieve individual potential and make decisions
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Goals
helping

clients realize the importance of meaning, responsibility, awareness, freedom, and potential Helping clients to experience their existential as real
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4. Person Centered Therapy (PCT)

Founders: Carl Rogers View of human: people are essentially good Humans are characteristically positive, forward-moving, constructive, realistic, and trustworthy Human need positive regard- love, warmth, care, respect, and acceptance
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Role of the counselor

1.

2.

Promotes a climate in which the client is free and encouraged to explore all aspects of self Focus on client-counsellor relationship

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Goals
1.

2.

Emphasizes that people need to be assisted in learning how to cope with situations Helping client become a fully functioning person
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Techniques

Emphathy Unconditional positive regard Congruence

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5. Gestalt Therapy
Founders: Frederick Perls View of human: human beings work for wholeness and completeness in life places trust on the inner wisdom of people
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Role of the counselor

to create an atmosphere that promotes a clients exploration of what is needed to grow

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Goals

Emphasis here and now Focus on both nonverbal and verbal expression Focus on the concept that life includes making choices Concentrates on helping client resolve the past to become integrated
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Techniques

Making the rounds I take responsibility Exaggeration May I feed you a sentence?

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Conclusion/Summary
Summary 1 Summary 2 Summary 3

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References:
Gladding, S. T. (2009). Counselling: A comprehensive profession (7th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Mirrill. Hackney, H., & Cormier, L. S. (1996). The professional counselor (3rd ed.). Boston: Allyn & Bacon.

Related Links:
http://blogs.education.unlv.edu/csi/files/2010/02/nce-studyguide-theories-and-helping-relationships.pdf

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Key Terms:
Term Definition

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