2. 4.

Presented by:1. Archana Bareria Saaransh Sahrawat 3. Mittul Sheth Navjot Singh Sidhu 5. Abhay Sood

 Background Definition

of Self-efficacy Reciprocal Determinism Formation of Self-efficacy Effects of Self-efficacy Beliefs Self-efficacy & Job Performance

 Banduras Social Cognitive Theory Expanded on Social Learning Theory (Miller &

Dollard, 1941) Actions and reactions of an individual are influenced by observed actions of others Role of observational learning and social experience in personality development
Self-efficacy

lies at the heart of this theory

 Three

core concepts at the heart of social learning theory: People can learn through observation (Observational

Learning).
Internal mental states are an essential part of the

process (Intrinsic Reinforcement).

Just because something has been learned, does not

mean that it will result in a change in behavior (The Modeling Process).

Perceived self-efficacy is defined as peoples beliefs about their capabilities to produce designated levels of performance that exercise influence over events that effect their lives (Bandura, 1994). High self-efficacy
Belief that one can perform well

Low self-efficacy
Belief that one lacks the ability to perform well

Theory set forth by Bandura in 1986 View that (1) personal factors in the form of

cognition, affect, & biological events, (2) behavior, and (c) environmental influences create interactions that result in a triadic reciprocality

 According

to Bandura, there are four major sources of self-efficacy.

Experience or "Enactive Attainment Modeling or "Vicarious Experience" Social Persuasion

Psychological Responses

 "The

most effective way of developing a strong sense of efficacy is through mastery experiences," Bandura explained.
a task successfully strengthens our sense of self-efficacy.

Performing

However,

failing to adequately deal with a task or challenge can undermine and weaken selfefficacy.

Witnessing other people successfully completing a task is another important source of self-efficacy. According to Bandura, "Seeing people similar to oneself succeed by sustained effort raises observers' beliefs that they too possess the capabilities master comparable activities to succeed."

 Bandura

also asserted that people could be persuaded to believe that they have the skills and capabilities to succeed.

Consider

a time when someone said something positive and encouraging that helped you achieve a goal. Getting verbal encouragement from others helps people overcome self-doubt and instead focus on giving their best effort to the task at hand.

Our own responses and emotional reactions to situations also play an important role in selfefficacy. Moods, emotional states, physical reactions, and stress levels can all impact how a person feels about their personal abilities in a particular situation. A person who becomes extremely nervous before speaking in public may develop a weak sense of self-efficacy in these situations.

People's level of motivation, affective states, and actions are based more on what they believe than on what is objectively true.

Effects of self-efficacy beliefs

Choice behavior Effort expenditure and persistence Thought patterns and emotional reactions

Humans as producers vs foretellers of behavior

 Tendency

to avoid involvement in tasks where efficacy is low Generally engage in tasks where efficacy is high High-efficacy/low skill can result in irreparable harm Low-efficacy/high skill doesnt allow for growth

 Stronger

perceived self-efficacy results in more vigorous/persistent efforts Individuals with high self-efficacy may feel less of a need to invest much effort in preparation When applying skills, high-efficacy intensifies and maintains the effort required to realize a difficult performance
Difficult for someone with low-efficacy

Low-efficacy individuals believe things are more difficult than they actually are
Creates stress and narrow vision

High-efficacy people devote attention and energy to demands of the situation and perceive obstacles as challenges High-efficacy people attribute failure to insufficient effort Low-efficacy people relate failure to deficient ability

 People

with high self-efficacy act, think, and feel differently from those with low self-efficacy. They create their own futures, rather than foretell it.