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A magic balloon
WHY?
Video Why the balloon did not pop?
1.3 Heat capacity and specific heat capacity
A magic balloon
It is because
Heat capacity
Heat capacity
Unit: J C1 In equation:
E = CT
Heat capacity
2
a
proportionality constant
1.3 Heat capacity and specific heat capacity
Energy transferred
by heating needed to raise
9 Meaning of specific heat capacity Sometimes, People prefer to talk about the heat capacity C of the whole body rather than 1 kg of it. a This is the energy to raise the temperature of the substance through 1 C.
C=mc
1.3 Heat capacity and specific heat capacity
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Experiment 1a
Specific heat capacity
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Temperature change
Experiment 1a
Specific heat capacity
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Video
Video
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15
E m, for constant T
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Combining the two results, This means: The energy needed to heat up the water is directly proportional to the (1) mass of water and (2) the temperature change. It is true for all substances.
1.3 Heat capacity and specific heat capacity
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c / J kg1 C1
4200
2200
Water
Very high! Can you tell what it means? Paraffin
Glass
Copper Mercury
600
370 140
Experiment 1b
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Set-up the apparatus. - mass of water = 0.2 kg - heat up by 10 C How much energy is needed?
Video
Simulation
Precautions:
1 Switch on the heater...
unless the heating part of it is totally immersed in water. 2 3 Totally immerse the heating part of the heater in water. Take the final temperature as soon as the power supply is switched off.
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Experiment 1c
How much energy is needed?
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Video
Simulation
Precautions:
1
2
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Mixtures
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When two bodies that have different temperatures are put in contact, energy is transferred from the hot body to the cold body. energy lost by = energy gained by the hot body the cold body
Mixtures
After a certain time
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high
low
same
Mixtures
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It agrees with conservation of energy. The conservation of energy: The total amount of energy in a system is conserved
Mixtures
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Experiment 1d
Mixture
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Measure the mass and temperature of a cup of cold water and those of a cup of hot water. Quickly mix the 2 cups of water and measure the temperature of the mixture.
Video
1.3 Heat capacity and specific heat capacity
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Water has a very high specific heat capacity. Water can take in a lot of energy with only a small temperature rise. Coolant in motor cars
1.3 Heat capacity and specific heat capacity
pump a Water takes in energy from the hot engine and carries it to the radiator and releases it to the air.
1.3 Heat capacity and specific heat capacity
4
b
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The temperature of sea-water rises and falls much more slowly than that of the land. It is because the small temperature change of the sea.
4
c
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Check-point 3
1 2 3 4 5 When 9000 J is given to a Heat sink is a device for Calculate the amount of When 6750 J is given to 3 kg Amy is preparing an
1.3 Heat capacity and specific heat capacity
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35 Check-point 3 Q1 When 9000 J is given to a 1-kg aluminium block, what is the temperature increase of the block? (Specific heat capacity of aluminium = 900 J kg1 C1) A 1 C
B
C
5 C
10 C
20 C
1.3 Heat capacity and specific heat capacity
Check-point 3 Q2
Heat sink is a device for absorbing and dissipating heat.
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Check-point 3 Q3 Calculate the amount of energy required to heat up a glass of milk from 20 C to 60 C.
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38 Check-point 3 Q4 When 6750 J is given to a 3 kg of a metal block, the temperature of the block rises by 5 C. What are the specific heat capacity of this block? Specific heat capacity
c = E/mT
c = 6750/( 3 5 )
1 C1 450 J kg = ______________
1.3 Heat capacity and specific heat capacity
Check-point 3 Q4
Heat capacity = mc
1 1350 J K = _________
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40 Check-point 3 Q5 Amy is preparing an instant cup noodle by adding 200 g of water at 90 C to 80 g of noodle at 20 C. What will be the temperature of the mixture just after mixing?
(Specific heat capacities of water and noodle are 4200 J kg1 C1 and 2000 J kg1 C1 respectively)
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78.8 C T = _______
1.3 Heat capacity and specific heat capacity
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The End
Example 3
Heat capacity of the water
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In order to heat up the water from 20 C to 25 C in (a) a glass (Fig a), 4.2 kJ Fig a of energy is needed. (b) An indoor swimming pool (Fig b), 5.25 x 107 kJ of energy is needed. What are the heat capacities of the water in the above two cases?
1.3 Heat capacity and specific heat capacity
Fig b
Example 3
Heat capacity of the water
44
(a)
E C = T
4200 J = (25 20) C
= 840 J C1
Example 3
Heat capacity of the water
45
(b)
E C = T
= 5.25 x 1010 J (25 20) C
= 1.05 x 1010 J C1 The heat capacity of the water in a swimming pool is 1.05 x 1010 J C1
1.3 Heat capacity and specific heat capacity
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Example 4
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Calculate the energy needed to raise the temperature... ...of 5 kg of aluminum from 20 C to 100 C. Specific heat capacity of aluminium is 900 J kg1 C1.
Example 4
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The energy needed is: E = mcT = 5 900 (100 20) = 360 000 J
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Example 5
50
Mass of water = 0.2 kg Initial joulemeter reading = 46 000 J Final joulemeter reading = 61 000 J Initial temperature = 20 C
Final temperature = 37 C
1.3 Heat capacity and specific heat capacity
Example 5
Find
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(a) Find the specific heat capacity of water. (b) Account for any difference of the value from the standard value, 4200 J kg1 C1
Example 5
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(a) c = E/mT = (61 000 46 000) / [0.2 (37 20)] = 4410 J kg1 C1
Example 5
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The error is due to energy loss to the surroundings. Some energy is transferred to heat up the cup, stirrer and thermometer.
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Example 6
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The experiment results were obtained: Mass of aluminium = 1.0 kg Initial & final temperature o o = 28.5 C, 35 C Initial joulemeter reading = 98 300 J
Example 6
(a)
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Example 6
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(b) Account for any difference from the standard value, 900 J kg1 C1 Compared with the standard value o 1 1 of 900 J kg C , there is an error of about 13 %. 1020 900 100% This 900 error is due to the energy loss to the surroundings. = 0.13 = 13%
1.3 Heat capacity and specific heat capacity
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Example 7
Temperature of mixture
59 0.4 kg 80 C
0.3 kg 10 C
Example 7
Temperature of mixture
60
0.7 kg T C
Example 7
Temperature of mixture
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Assuming no energy is lost to the surroundings energy lost by energy gained by = hot water cold water 0.4 4200 (80 T ) = 0.3 4200 (T 10) 0.4 (80 T ) = 0.3 (T 10) Solving the equation, T = 50 C
1.3 Heat capacity and specific heat capacity
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