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Paint is a substance used as the final finish to all surfaces and as a coating to protect or decorate the surface It is used

as a protective coating and is normally sprayed/brushed on It is a combination of pigments with suitable thinners or oils to provide decorative and protective coatings. Painting protects a surface from weathering effects and also prevents corrosion of metals

When applied to the surface, paint should form a thin film of uniform nature. The surface of the paint should not show cracks after drying. The colour of the paint should withstand the adverse environmental conditions for a long time. It should have an attractive and pleasing appearance. It should be fairly cheap and economical. Easily applicable with a brush or spraying devices. Possesses maximum adhesion capacity to the material over which it is intended to be used. Ideal resistance to corrosion and protect the material over which it is used. The application of paint should not affect the health of workers. It dries in a reasonable time and not very rapidly.

The ratio of the volume of pigment to the volume of total non volatile material (i.e., pigment and binder) present in a coating PVC = (Volume pigment/filler mix / total solid volume paint)x 100%

Solvents (Liquids) Pigments

Additives

Resins (Binder)

1.BASE Base is a solid substance that forms the body of the paint and usually consists of finely divided suitable material. It determines the character of the paint and imparts durability to the surface. The function of the base material is to make the ultimate film harder and elastic, prevent formation of shrinkage cracks.

2.Vehicle or Carrier The liquid portion of the paint (also referred to as the carrier) provides desired consistency and makes it possible to apply the pigment and binder to the surface being painted. The binder, commonly called the vehicle, is the film-forming component of paint.

3.SOLVENT The main purpose of the Solvent is to adjust the viscosity of the paint. It is volatile and does not become part of the paint film. It can also control flow and application properties, and affect the stability of the paint while in liquid state. Its main function is as the carrier for the non volatile components MTO or Xylene is the main solvent for Industrial paints.

4.PIGMENT Pigments are granular solids incorporated in the paint to contribute color. Fillers are granular solids incorporated to impart toughness, texture, give the paint special properties, or to reduce the cost of the paint. A distinction is usually made between a pigment, which is insoluble in the solvent (resulting in a suspension), and a dye, which either is itself a liquid or is soluble in its solvent (resulting in a solution).

5.DRIER Driers are added to coatings. ( paints, varnishes and inks ) to speedup the physical change form the liquid to the solid state. Driers are a group of metallic soaps containing either alkaline earth metals or heavy metals combined with mono- basic carboxylic acids. They are soluble in organic solvents and binders.

1.ALUMINIUM PAINT Aluminium paint is a coating material that consists of a resin base filled with solid flecks of aluminium. The resin helps the paint to flow, and gives it strength and durability, while the aluminium flakes give the paint a shiny, metallic finish. This type of paint generally has a silvery finish, and many manufacturers only produce one shade of aluminium-based paint.

2.Anti Corrosive paint Since paints are devised for protecting metal surfaces, it is broadly believed that all paints are anti-corrosion paints. But it is not a correct version. All oil-based paints, for example, are not anticorrosion paints. They are merely decorative paints which protect the metal surface partially against the climatic corrosion but fail to stand against the drastic corrosion caused by various industrial chemicals & gases.

3.Bituminous Paints It used for the protection of ferrous and nonferrous metals, concrete roofing, felt, fibre cement, corrugated iron, asphalt and wood, against water. 4.Oil Paint Oil paint is a type of slow-drying paint consisting of small pigment particles suspended in a drying oil

5.Powder coating paint Powder Coating is a type of dry coating, which is applied as a free-flowing, dry powder. Powder coating does not require any solvent to keep the binder and filler parts in a liquid suspension form. 6.Enamel Paint An enamel paint is a paint that dries to an especially hard, usually glossy, finish. Enamel paints contain either glass powder or tiny metal flake fragments instead of the color pigments found in standard oil-based paints.

7.Emulsion paint Water-based paint used for painting interior or exterior surfaces. 8.Inodorous paint Inodorous Paint is mixed without any turpentine, the evaporation of which in ordinary paints causes a strong unpleasant smell, which in some people produces headache, and even more injurious effects.

The main reasons of paint failure after application on surface are the applicator and improper treatment of surface. Application Defects can be attributed to: Dilution This usually occurs when the dilution of the paint is not done as per manufacturers recommendation. Contamination Foreign contaminants added without the manufacturers consent which results in various film defects.

Peeling/Blistering Most commonly due to improper surface treatment before application and inherent moisture/dampness being present in the substrate. Cracking Cracking of paint film is due to the unequal expansion or contraction of paint coats. It usually happens when the coats of the paint are not allowed to cure/dry completely before the next coat is applied.

Mildew occurs in moist humid conditions ( bathrooms, kitchens, laundry rooms) when using alkyd or oil based paint or lower quality paint. Can occur due to failure to prime wood before painting and not successfully removing mildew from the surface before repainting Cracking- occurs if the paint had inadequate adhesion and flexibility, overspreading or thinning of the paint, inadequate surface preparation

Bleeding-Discolouration of paint film due to pigment seeping to the surface from undercoats or gum from knots in timber. Blistering- formation of small areas of swelling on the surface caused by painting in the direct heat of the sun or from trapped moisture Sagging-Formation of a waterfall like appearance on the surface due to , too much paint being applied in one coat.

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