Enzyme - 1 Classification and Kinetics

Harliansyah, PhD Head Dept. of Biochemistry Faculty of edicine, !"#$% &ni'ersity

()*ecti'es
+ Descri)e the chemical properties of enzymes, e-. "cti'e site, catalytic efficiency, specificity, cofactor, re-ulation, compartmentalisation. + E.plain the classification of enzymes + Descri)e the /inetics of enzyme catalysis, -. ichaelis enten e0uation -. 1ine2ea'er Bur/ transformation #eferences, 1. #ao, 3. . 4556. edical Biochemistry. 4nd Ed. 3e2 "-e, Pu)lisher. 4. Baynes, 7.8. Dominicza/, .H. 4559. edical Biochemistry. 4nd Ed. Else'ier os)y.

8hat is Enzyme :
+ + + Catalyst %ncrease rate of chemical reactions 2ithout chan-in- the e0uili)rium Enzymes different from other catalyst, -. $pecific , each enzyme eat different reaction -. ;reater catalytic po2er than other catalyst -. Catalytic action can )e re-ulated < to ensure rate of product formed not in e.cess of amount needed 1ocalization, or-an, tissue, cellular, su)cellular Holoenzyme = "poenzyme > Cofactor #eactant = $u)strate Classified in to 6 -roups = type of reaction

+ + + +

Enzymes are proteins -lo)ular ?ri)ozyme is catalytic acti'e of #3"@ each 2ith a specific structure ?nati'e conformation@, function, distri)ution of electrical char-es, and surface -eometry 2hose specificity depends on their tertiary structure. Ahe tertiary structure determines the three-dimensional shape. Ahey are each responsi)le for control of a sin-le reaction and are thus responsi)le for control of meta)olism.

"cti'e $ite
= three dimensional cleft created )y side chain of se'eral amino acid "mino acid from different re-ions in the linear se0uence of enzyme, folded, side chains close at the acti'e side "mino acid is classified into 4 functional -roups, 1. Bindin- residues 4. Catalytic residues

- In an enzyme, a `binding site = an `active site - 4 types of binding of small molecule (red) to the binding site of a protein (shaded)

Electrostatic

Hydrophobic

Hydrogen Bond

Van Der Walls

Enzyme $pecificity
+ 1. $u)strate + 4. #eaction

+ B. ;roup

+ C. ")solute -roup

Effect enzymes on acti'ation ener-y

#eaction Profile

E.amples of #eaction Profile

E.amples of #eaction Profile

Factors That Influence Reaction Rate

&nder a specific set of conditions, e'ery reaction has its o2n characteristic rate, 2hich depends upon the chemical nature of the reactants.

Four factors can )e controlled durin- the reaction, 1. 4. B. C. Concentration - molecules must collide to reactD Physical state - molecules must mi. to collideD Aemperature - molecules must collide 2ith enou-h ener-y to reactD Ahe use of a catalyst.

Cascade Model : Type reaction of enzymes

Effects of temperature

Each enzyme has an optimal temperature in 2hich it can function

Effects of pH

Each enzyme has an optimal pH in 2hich it can function