Field Measurement

Field Measurement Calibration

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Field Measurement

Calibration Measurement
Why
Calibration of propagation model Replacement of default values Comparison morpho structure DB with reality

Where
Characteristical propagation environment

What
Field strength level => propagation loss SC Rxlev at BCCH frequency NC Rxlev

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Calibration Process
Planning of calibration measurement
Calibration measurement

Preparation of mesurement results for calibration

Propagation model calibration
Comparison between measured and predicted median field strength
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Planning of Calibration Measurements

Area selection
Select areas with representative morpho classes Define country specific morpho classe adaptions Select measurement sites with different antenna heights Select suitable measurement routes In regions with seasonal shedding of leaves, only take measurements if vegetation is in leaf (worst case)

Data Base Check

Quality check of used maps for DB creation Check orientation of DB Check, if the selected morpho class area represented in the DB
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Calibration Measurement
Equipment
Transmitter Receiver GPS

Neccessary Data
Transmitter site data HW data EIRP, Antennas, Cable losses, Main beam

Continuesly required data

Position Received field strenght Markers set by the user
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Transmitter Installation
Analogue test Transmitter
Plane area on top for mast setup Avoid any obstacles near to the antenna Install antenna in right direction with correct tilt (vertical position , fixed by ropes) Wether proof location for the transmitter Warm up time for the test transmitter Output power adjustment by using power meter Power check after measurement again

BTS
Single cell measurement Dedicated / Idle mode Disable power control and HO to other sites
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Receiver Installation

Antenna on top of the Car Dynamic range receiver Filter bandwith Power supply incar Cable losses Well calibrated A/D interface in case of receiver with analogue output

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Field Measurement

Practical Rules


Avoid incorrect header data Your transmitter is the only one on air Don't saturate the receiver If you use sector antennas, perform measurement in area covered by half power beam width Watch the morpho class during driving Use marker to select section that shall be discarded Stable and accurate positioning system Use of different sites with differant antenna heights
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Field Measurement

Measurement selection
Check position of transmitter and measurement route Discard all points where the measurement stuff has

reported special situations such as bridges, tunnels ... Discard all points close to the site (<200m) Discard all points measured on TCH if PC was enabled Discard all points where the route was outside of the morpho class Apply a suitable averaging window Combine different routes with different sites in a measurement splice
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Prediction model calibration process

1. Selection of intervals of measurement 2. Measurement of field strength F(x) 3. Averaging over 40 wave length F'(x)
smooth out Rayleigh fading

4. Averaging over sliding window F"(x)

smooth out non predictable lognormal fading

5. Prediction of field strength Fpred(x) 6. Calculation of standard deviation between F" and Fpred 7. Modify model parameter by increment in a certain range 8. If not in range goto step 5

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Morphoclasses
Code 0 1 Morphostructure not classified skyscrapers Description e.g. edge of a database

Code 7

Morphostructure forest

Description all kinds of forest, parks, with high tree density

very high buildings ( > 40m), very high density of buildings, no vegetation on ground level e.g. cities like NewYork, Tokio etc. dense urban 4 or more storeys, areas within urban perimeters, inner city, very little vegetation, high density of buildings, most buildings are standing close together, small pedestrian zones and streets incl. medium urban 3 or 4 storeys, areas within urban perimeters, most buildings are standing close together, less vegetation, middle density of buildings, small pedestrian zones and streets included lower urban 2 or 3 storeys, middle density of buildings, some vegetation, terraced houses with gardens residential 1-2 storeys, low density of buildings with gardens e.g. farmhouses, detached houses

agriculture

high vegetation, plants: 1... 3 m, high density of plants, e.g. crop fields, fruit plantation

low tree density low vegetation, low height of plants, low density of plants, some kinds of parks, botanical garden water sea, rivers, all kind of fresh- and saltwater

10

11

open area

12 13

(optional) (optional)

no buildings, no vegetation e.g. desert, beach, part of an airport, big streets etc. huge parking areas, large defined by networkplanner if necessary defined by networkplanner if necessary

industrial zone factory, warehouse, garage, shipyards

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Field Measurement

Measurement Selection

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Field Strength vs driven Distance

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Signal Variation

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Path loss vs. driven distance

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Linear fit of path loss

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Stand.dev. vs. Medium City

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Measured Path Loss Asuncion

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Path loss fit

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Measurement protocol

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Calibration protocol

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