English Class

PRONOUN
Dr. Renni Anggraini, ST, M.Eng & Lulusi, ST, M.Sc
Jurusan Teknik Sipil Fakultas Teknik Universitas Syiah Kuala

Definisi
Pronoun kata ganti Pronoun digunakan untuk menggantikan noun Hal ini dilakukan untuk mengurangi adanya pengulangan kata secara terus menerus dalam sebuah kalimat

Menurut fungsi dan sifatnya, pronoun dapat dikategorikan sbb:

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Personal pronoun: kata ganti orang Possessive pronoun: kata ganti kepemilikan Reflexive pronoun: kata ganti refleksif Indefinite pronoun: kata ganti tak tentu Interrogative pronoun: kata ganti penanya Relative pronoun: kata ganti penghubung Demonstrative pronoun: kata ganti penunjuk Reciprocal pronoun: kata ganti saling berhubungan

1. Personal Pronoun
A. First person the speaker (orang yang berbicara) Ex: I want to buy a book We have to go to school B. Second person the person spoken to (orang yang diajak berbicara) Ex: You are an engineer As students, you must study hard to pass the exam
C. Third person the person/thing being spoken of (orang/sesuatu yang sedang dibicarakan) Ex: He plays tennis every weekend They used to be famous people when they were young

2. Possessive Pronoun
Possessive Pronoun kata ganti yang menunjukkan kepemilikan yang asalnya dari personal pronoun Possessive Pronoun dapat berfungsi sebagai adjective dan juga pronoun

Possessive Pronoun yang memiliki fungsi sebagai adjective adalah my, your, his, her, its, our, their Ex: - The two storey house over there is my house - Where is your English dictionary? - His car crashed into a tree last night

Possessive Pronoun yang memiliki fungsi sebagai pronoun adalah mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs Ex: - The fried chicken you are eating is mine - This is mine and that is yours - Which one of these books is hers?

3. Reflexive Pronoun
Reflexive Pronoun kata ganti yang merupakan bentuk pantulan dari pronoun itu sendiri Yang masuk dalam reflexive pronoun adalah myself, yourself, himself, herself, ourselves, themselves
Ex: - I wrapped the gift myself - Can you do your homework by yourself? - There was nothing he could do but put the blame on himself

4. Indefinite Pronoun
Indefinite Pronoun kata ganti yang tidak tentu Indefinite Pronoun dapat dikategorikan menjadi: indefinite person dan indefinite quantity
Indefinite person: Someone, somebody, something, everyone, everybody, everything, anyone, anybody, anything, no one, nobody, nothing

Example of Indefinite Person Someone had left a book at the park bench Somebody called my name, but I didnt know who it was Did anything happen to you last night? Anyone can do what you do No one understood the lecture given by Professor Wood I want nothing else but your happiness

Indefinite quantity: One/ones, none, all, most, either, neither, each, another, others, the other/s, any, some, few, both, less, least, many, several, plenty, much, more, a lot of, lots of

Example of Indefinite Quantity There were many bags at the boutique, but Mary chose the purple one None of my friends went to Lauras party last night All of their belonging were ruined because of the earthquake Neither of those dresses fit me Can I have another piece of cake, please? Only few can succeed in such a young age, like Mark Zuckerberg

5. Interrogative Pronoun

Interrogative Pronoun kata ganti yang digunakan untuk mengajukan pertanyaan atau mengawali sebuah pertanyaan

Yang termasuk dalam Interrogative Pronoun

What What is your occupation? Which Which one of these shoes do you like most? Where Where does Stella live? When When will your cousin back from Medan? Why Why didnt you through away the rubbish? Who Who took my car key? Whom Is that the man whom your mother dislikes? Whose Whose jacket is this? How How do you say coffee in Japanese?

6. Relative Pronoun

Relative Pronoun kata ganti yang digunakan untuk mendahului kata pengganti dan menggabungkan dua buah kalimat menjadi satu

Yang termasuk dalam Relative Pronoun

Who (yang) untuk menerangkan orang sebagai subjek
Kevin is an editor. He goes to work by bus Kevin is an editor who goes to work by bus

Which (yang) untuk menerangkan hewan, benda, dll

This is a new pair of shoes. Sally gave it to me for a birthday present This is a new pair of shoes which Sally gave it to me for a birthday present

That (yang) untuk menerangkan orang, benda,binatang, dll

Dylan bought a house. It once belonged to a famous actress Dylan bought a house that once belonged to a famous actress

Yang termasuk dalam Relative Pronoun

Whom (yang) untuk menerangkan orang sebagai objek
I met a beautiful girl. My brother admires her I met a beautiful girl whom my brother admires

Whose (yangnya) untuk menerangkan kepemilikan

Samantha is my best friend. Her father owns a cafe Samantha is my best friend whose father owns a cafe

7. Demonstrative Pronoun

Demonstrative Pronoun kata ganti penunjuk yang berfungsi untuk menunjukkan sesuatu
Demonstrative pronoun: -Singular : this, that -Plural : these, those

Example of Demonstrative Pronoun This is your hat That tall building over there is my dads office These magazine belong to them Those people are waiting for the bus to come

8. Reciprocal Pronoun

Reciprocal Pronoun kata ganti yang saling berhubungan yang berfungsi untuk menyatakan hubungan timbal balik antara dua individu atau lebih

Yang termasuk dalam Reciprocal Pronoun

Each other (saling) digunakan untuk dua orang There are two girls about to cross the road, they are holding each others hand One another (saling) digunakan untuk > 2 orang The boys in the junior softball team are supporting one another to win the game

Beberapa fungsi Pronoun dalam kalimat

1. Sebagai subjek
We are university students They are from New Zealand Is this the one you are looking for?

2. Sebagai subjek pelengkap 3. Sebagai objek pelengkap

I will give you my approval to use my car as long as you promise to drive carefully We will let him paint his own room
Melanie, one of my friends, has just come back from England The students may each take turns to do their presentation

4. Sebagai keterangan tambahan (appositive)