CHAPTER 6: Source of energy

Various forms and Sources of Energy

Electrical energy Heat energy

Light energy

Sound energy

Potential energy

Kinetic energy

Nuclear energy
Chemical energy

1. Condition

2. Situation

Akhir Tahun 2011

Heat flow and its effects

Showing the effects of heat energy on solids, liquids and gases

A Solid
1.Place the metal ball on the metal ring Can the metal ball pass through the ring? 2.Heat the metal ball with a Bunsen Burner. Place the metal ball on the metal ring Can the metal ball pass through the ring? 3.Let the metal ball cool down to the room temperature. Place the metal ball on the metal ring again Can the metal ball pass through the ring now? 4.What conclusion can you make from your observation

B Liquids
1.Put the flat-bottomed flask into the hot water What happen to the level of coloured water in the glass tube 2.Put the flat bottomed flask into the cold water What happen to the level of coloured water in the glass tube 4.What conclusion can you make from your observation

Heat flow
1.Heat can flow from one place to another. It can flow in three different ways i. Conduction iii. Radiation ii. Convection 2.Conduction is the flow heat through solid 3.Convertion is the flow heat through liquids and gases 4.Radiotion is the flow of heat through vacuum

7.5
A

Showing how heat flow in three different way

Conduction

1. Prepare a 50 cm long iron rod, By using wax, stick five thumbtacks on the rod at 5 intervals 2. Clamp the iron rod to a retort stand 3.Heat the free end of the iron rod i. What do you observe ii. What is the function of the fireproof board 4. What conclusion can you make from your observation

Convection

i. Liquids 1.Tear a piece of paper into small piece 2.Put the small pieces into the water in a beaker 3.Heat the water in the beaker What do you observe 4. What is your conclusion? ii. Gases 1.Prepare the apparatus as shown 2. Light the candle and the rop What do you observe 3. What is your conclusion?

Radiation
1.Prepare the apparatus as shown 2.Place the thermometer about 10 cm from the bulb 3.Swith on the vacuum pump 4.Observe the reading of thermometer 5.Swith on the bulb 6. After 10 minute, observe the reading of the thermometer again What do you observe What your conclusion?

Convection current 1.The hotter water or gases rise because it less dense 2.The cold water or gases coming to replace the hotter water or gases Natural phenomena involving heat flow Natural phenomena such as sea breeze, land breeze and warming of earth by the Sun.

Cool air

Thermometer Metal can Hot water

styrofoam

Rubber band Aluminium

Question 1.Compare the different between the initial temperature and final temperature of water in each can. What do you observe. 2.Which material allows heat to pass through it easily? 3.Which materials does not allows heat to pass through it easily? 4. Which materials is a heat insulator? 5. Which materials is not a heat insulator? 6 . Is your smart guess true? 7.What is your conclusion? 8.

CHANGE OF STATE - By heat energy

Gases

melting
Freezing solid Sublimation 1.Crystal iodine, Dry ice and naphthalene liquid

ABSORB / RELEASE HEAT ?

Condensation 1.Rain, clouds and Droplet at glass contains ice.

Application of the Principle of Expansion and Contraction of Matter

The principle of expansion and contraction is commonly applied in daily life 1.Mercury in thermometer i. Mercury is a good heat conductor. ii. It expand rapidly when it absorbs only a little heat iii. When the temperature drops. The mercury contract and the level of mercury in the glass tube drops 2. Bimetallic strip in a fire alarm

2. Fire alarm i. When there is a fire, the bimetallic is heated. As the brass bar expands more than the iron bar ii. The bimetallic strip bends towards the contact screw. The circuit is complete and the fire alarm will ring

Gap in railway track

Gap

3.

The gap is in railway track allow the track to expand during very hot today

4. You can loosen the cap easily when you dip the cap of the bottle into hot water for a few minute
Gap for expand Fixed end

roller 5. To allow for movement when a steel bridge expands or contract, one of its end is fixed while the other end is free to move over roller

energy in everyday life

converters Moving car Lighted candle Alarm clock Electric kettle Energy conversion Chemical energy kinetic energy Chemical energy heat energy + light energy Potential energy kinetic energy sound energy Electrical energy heat energy

Strecthed bow and Potential energy kinetic energy sound energy arrow

Solar cell
Bicycle dynamo Television Hair dryer Telephone hydroelectric

Light energy electrical energy

Kinetic energy electrical energy light energy + heat energy Electrical energy light energy + sound energy

Potential energy kinetic energy electric energy

Renewable and non-renewable energy

advantages disadvantages

renewable

Non renewable

Penutup
1. Baca Surah Al-`Ashr

2. Tasbih Kifarah.