Presented By: Deep Dave Parth Soni Harsh Shah Kushang Patel Ketul Patel

Introduction

Shocking Figures
Identifying Malnutrition Some myths about malnutrition Some reasons about malnutrition Programs to address the malnutrition.

 Malnutrition refers to the situation where there is an unbalanced diet in which some nutrients are in excess, lacking or wrong proportion. Types:

1) Under-nutrition
2) Over-Nutrition

47 % of Indian children under five are Malnourished(Underweight). At Least half of Indian infant deaths are

Related to Malnutrition.
Despite Indias 50 percent increase in GDP since 1991 more than one third of worlds Malnourished children live in India.

 Undernutrition is directly proportional to GHI(Global Hunger Index).In India GHI went from 22.9 to 33.7 between 1996 to 2011 while other developing countries like Pakistan ,Bangladesh ,Kenya and Zimbabwe succeeded in improving hunger conditions.(CINI survey)

Malnutrition can be identified into two constituents

1) protein-energy malnutrition(clearly observed in India and other developing countries)

2) Micronutrient deficiencies

There are different methods of identifying malnutrition, physical

Findings generally help in the diagnosis of advanced malnutrition. In identifying it early in the development malnutrition, it is advantage to allowing early rehabilitation.

 One of the classification of protein-energy malnutrition is done by Gomez, which uses anthropogenic indices. Gomez classification of PEM(Protein Energy Malnutrition) Degree of PEM% of desired body weight for age and sex:

Between 90% and 110%- Normal Nutrition Status

Grade-I (1st degree)- Mild Malnutrition 75%-89% Grade-II (2nd degree)-Moderate Malnutrition 60%-74%

Grade-II(3rd degree)-Severe Malnutrition <60%

Marasmus
1st year of life, often failure to breastfeed.

Lack of proteins and calories.

Body creates energy by dissolving its own tissues Loss of subcutanous fat and muscles. Symtoms:
Wasting W/H <70% Face of an old person Pot belly due to lack of abd. muscles. Irritability. Hunger

Kwashiorkor
2-4yrs Low protein intake

1) Poverty is the cause of malnutrition:

There is no obvious linkage between levels of child malnutrition and income poverty. 26 % of Indias population lives below poverty line, yet 46% of children under three are malnourished. In other words although the destitute poor have higher rate of malnutrition than the rich, poverty itself is not a sole cause.(CINI survey)
2) Indias low per-capital income is the major underlying cause:

The percentage of underweight children in Gujarat(One of the richest states) increased from 45% at the start of the decade to 47% in 2006.(CINI survey)

3) Its about not having enough food:

Between 6-18 months, food availability is usually not the critical factor causing malnutrition. It is often inadequate knowledge about feeding practices that are in the best interests of the child.(CINI survey)

1) Woman Illiteracy: If a woman doesnt take care of herself properly during her pregnancy time then the child might have malnutrition problems.

2)

2) Government Funding Allocation:

Well, even though children from a substantive third of Indias billion plus population, their union budget is a mere 4.86percent according to Womans Future Service, and out of which, 70% is allocated for education, and only 11% for health & food. Theres no doubt a shortfall in funding for child health is a problem.

Little change over seven years between NFHS 2 and 3

0-29 % 30-39 % 40-49 % 50 -100 %

 The government of India has launched several programs to converge growing rate of under-nutrition children. They include ICDS , NCF, National Health Mission.

Midday Meal Scheme in Indian schools: The Akshaya Patra Foundation runs the worlds largest NGO-run midday meal program serving freshly cooked meal to over 1.3 million school children and government aided school in India.

The program is conducted with part subsidies from the government and partly with donations from individuals and corporations. The meal served by APF with nutrients norms given by the government of India and aims to eradicate malnutrition among children in India.

 ICDS- Integrated Child Development Scheme

The Govt. Of India has started a program ICDS in the year 1975. ICDS has been instrumental in improving the health of mothers and children under age 0-6 by providing the health and nutrition education , health service , supplementary food and pre-school education.

 The ICDS national development program is one of the largest in the world.

It reaches more than 34 million children aged 0-6 years and 7 million pregnant and lactating mothers.
The challenge for all these programs and schemes is how to increase efficiency , impact and coverage.

 Unite nations Childrens Fund- UNICEF

Development of women and child department is nodal department for UNICEF.

 Traditionally, UNICEF has been supporting India in number of sectors like child development , urban basic services , womens development , health , education , nutrition , childhood disability etc.

India is associated with UNICEF since 1949 and is now in the fifth decade of cooperation for assisting most disadvantaged children and their mothers.

 National Rural Health Mission:

The National Rural Health Mission of India mission was created for the years 20052012, and its goal is to "improve the availability of and access to quality health care by people, especially for those residing in rural areas, the poor, women, and children.

The subset of goals under this mission are:

Reduce infant Mortality rate (IMR) and maternal mortality ratio (MMR) Provide universal access to public health services Prevent and control both communicable and noncommunicable diseases, including locally endemic diseases.

 Provide access to integrated comprehensive primary healthcare.

Create population stabilisation , as well as gender and demographic balance. Finally, to promote healthy life styles. The mission has set up strategies and action plan to meet all of its goals

 Links Used:
http://icds.gov.in/# http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malnutrition_in_In dia http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/C OUNTRIES/SOUTHASIAEXT/0,,contentMDK:20916 955~pagePK:146736~piPK:146830~theSitePK:223 547,00.html